{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:13:16Z","timestamp":1784297596838,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"R&amp;D Program of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission","award":["KM202210020004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM202210020004"]}]},{"name":"R&amp;D Program of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission","award":["QJKC2022017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QJKC2022017"]}]},{"name":"R&amp;D Program of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission","award":["QNKJ202108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNKJ202108"]}]},{"name":"R&amp;D Program of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission","award":["11000024T000002961733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11000024T000002961733"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Agriculture Young Teachers\u2019 Scientific Research Innovation Ability Enhancement Program","award":["KM202210020004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM202210020004"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Agriculture Young Teachers\u2019 Scientific Research Innovation Ability Enhancement Program","award":["QJKC2022017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QJKC2022017"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Agriculture Young Teachers\u2019 Scientific Research Innovation Ability Enhancement Program","award":["QNKJ202108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNKJ202108"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Agriculture Young Teachers\u2019 Scientific Research Innovation Ability Enhancement Program","award":["11000024T000002961733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11000024T000002961733"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Agriculture Youth Science Fund","award":["KM202210020004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM202210020004"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Agriculture Youth Science Fund","award":["QJKC2022017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QJKC2022017"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Agriculture Youth Science Fund","award":["QNKJ202108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNKJ202108"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Agriculture Youth Science Fund","award":["11000024T000002961733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11000024T000002961733"]}]},{"name":"Classified Development of Municipal Colleges and Universities\u2014Construction of Urban Agriculture and Forestry Characteristic teachers","award":["KM202210020004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM202210020004"]}]},{"name":"Classified Development of Municipal Colleges and Universities\u2014Construction of Urban Agriculture and Forestry Characteristic teachers","award":["QJKC2022017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QJKC2022017"]}]},{"name":"Classified Development of Municipal Colleges and Universities\u2014Construction of Urban Agriculture and Forestry Characteristic teachers","award":["QNKJ202108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNKJ202108"]}]},{"name":"Classified Development of Municipal Colleges and Universities\u2014Construction of Urban Agriculture and Forestry Characteristic teachers","award":["11000024T000002961733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11000024T000002961733"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Graphene, when electrified, generates far-infrared radiation within the wavelength range of 4 \u03bcm to 14 \u03bcm. This range closely aligns with the far-infrared band (3 \u03bcm to 15 \u03bcm), which produces unique physiological effects. Contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle play a significant role in primary hypertension, involving the nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase\u2013cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway and the renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system. This study utilized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) as an untr-HT to investigate the impact of far-infrared radiation at specific wavelengths generated by electrified graphene on vascular smooth muscle and blood pressure. After 7 weeks, the blood pressure of the untr-HT group rats decreased significantly with a notable reduction in the number of vascular wall cells and the thickness of the vascular wall, as well as a decreased ratio of vessel wall thickness to lumen diameter. Additionally, blood flow perfusion significantly increased, and the expression of F-actin in vascular smooth muscle myosin decreased significantly. Serum levels of angiotensin II (Ang-II) and endothelin 1 (ET-1) were significantly reduced, while nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression increased significantly. At the protein level, eNOS expression decreased significantly, while \u03b1-SMA expression increased significantly in aortic tissue. At the gene level, expressions of eNOS and \u03b1-SMA in aortic tissue significantly increased. Furthermore, the content of nitric oxide (NO) in the SHR\u2019s aortic tissue increased significantly. These findings confirm that graphene far-infrared radiation enhances microcirculation, regulates cytokines affecting vascular smooth muscle contraction, and modifies vascular morphology and smooth muscle phenotype, offering relief for primary hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T07:33:20Z","timestamp":1718696000000},"page":"6675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Graphene Far-Infrared Irradiation Can Effectively Relieve the Blood Pressure Level of Rat Untr-HT in Primary Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Guanjie","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haotong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2631-158X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5602-1335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102896","article-title":"Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films","volume":"306","author":"Novoselov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1157996","article-title":"Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene","volume":"321","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1039\/B917103G","article-title":"The chemistry of graphene oxide","volume":"39","author":"Dreyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. 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