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The identification of a low-side-effect drug for RA treatment is urgently needed. Our previous study suggests that Trichinella spiralis paramyosin (Ts-Pmy) has immunomodulatory effects, but its potential effect on CD4+ T cell response in RA remains unclear. In this study, we used a murine model to investigate the role of rTs-Pmy in regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Additionally, we assessed the impact of rTs-Pmy on CD4+ T cell differentiation towards the Th1 and Th17 phenotypes, which are associated with inflammatory responses in arthritis, using in vitro assays. The results demonstrated that rTs-Pmy administration reduced arthritis severity by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 response while enhancing Treg response. Prophylactic administration of Ts-Pmy showed superior efficacy on CIA compared to therapeutic administration. Furthermore, in vitro assays demonstrated that rTs-Pmy could inhibit the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th17 while inducing the production of Tregs, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying its therapeutic effects. This study suggests that Ts-Pmy may ameliorate CIA by restoring the immune balance of CD4+ T cells and provides new insights into the mechanism through which helminth-derived proteins exert their effects on autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T03:46:29Z","timestamp":1718855189000},"page":"6706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Trichinella spiralis Paramyosin Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice by Modulating CD4+ T Cell Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dongwan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6178-262X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihui","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuli","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"388","author":"Smolen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosik, J., Kulpa, J., Szczepanik, M., and Pawlik, A. 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