{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:23:29Z","timestamp":1770153809199,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UNIVERSIDAD ANDRES BELLO","award":["NUCLEO UNAB DI-03-22\/NUC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NUCLEO UNAB DI-03-22\/NUC"]}]},{"name":"UNIVERSIDAD ANDRES BELLO","award":["1240853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1240853"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"ANID FONDECYT REGULAR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NUCLEO UNAB DI-03-22\/NUC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NUCLEO UNAB DI-03-22\/NUC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"ANID FONDECYT REGULAR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1240853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1240853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyroid cancer diagnosis primarily relies on imaging techniques and cytological analyses. In cases where the diagnosis is uncertain, the quantification of molecular markers has been incorporated after cytological examination. This approach helps physicians to make surgical decisions, estimate cancer aggressiveness, and monitor the response to treatments. Despite the availability of commercial molecular tests, their widespread use has been hindered in our experience due to cost constraints and variability between them. Thus, numerous groups are currently evaluating new molecular markers that ultimately will lead to improved diagnostic certainty, as well as better classification of prognosis and recurrence. In this review, we start reviewing the current preoperative testing methodologies, followed by a comprehensive review of emerging molecular markers. We focus on micro RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and mitochondrial (mt) signatures, including mtDNA genes and circulating cell-free mtDNA. We envision that a robust set of molecular markers will complement the national and international clinical guides for proper assessment of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T03:46:29Z","timestamp":1718855189000},"page":"6719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer: Emerging Opportunities from Non-Coding RNAs and Mitochondrial Space"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0243-2870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricio","family":"Caban\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Clinica INDISA, Santiago 7520440, Chile"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8139-0339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Clinica INDISA, Santiago 7520440, Chile"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Bode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0410-5478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1570-9832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro A.","family":"Elorza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00414-9","article-title":"Understanding the ever-changing incidence of thyroid cancer","volume":"16","author":"Kitahara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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