{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:40:43Z","timestamp":1789069243085,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32260820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GAU-QDFC-2022-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAU-QDFC-2022-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GAU-XKTD-2022-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAU-XKTD-2022-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A441"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Gansu Agricultural University","award":["32260820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260820"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Gansu Agricultural University","award":["GAU-QDFC-2022-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAU-QDFC-2022-06"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Gansu Agricultural University","award":["GAU-XKTD-2022-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAU-XKTD-2022-21"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Gansu Agricultural University","award":["2021A441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A441"]}]},{"name":"Discipline Team Project of Gansu Agricultural University","award":["32260820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260820"]}]},{"name":"Discipline Team Project of Gansu Agricultural University","award":["GAU-QDFC-2022-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAU-QDFC-2022-06"]}]},{"name":"Discipline Team Project of Gansu Agricultural University","award":["GAU-XKTD-2022-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAU-XKTD-2022-21"]}]},{"name":"Discipline Team Project of Gansu Agricultural University","award":["2021A441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A441"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Education Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["32260820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260820"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Education Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["GAU-QDFC-2022-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAU-QDFC-2022-06"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Education Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["GAU-XKTD-2022-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAU-XKTD-2022-21"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Education Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["2021A441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A441"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the adaptive evolution of animals, the host and its gut microbiota co-adapt to different elevations. Currently, there are few reports on the rumen microbiota\u2013hepato-intestinal axis of Tibetan sheep at different altitudes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the regulatory effect of rumen microorganism\u2013volatile fatty acids (VFAs)\u2013VFAs transporter gene interactions on the key enzymes and genes related to gluconeogenesis in Tibetan sheep. The rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbial densities, liver gluconeogenesis activity and related genes were determined and analyzed using gas chromatography, RT-qPCR and other research methods. Correlation analysis revealed a reciprocal relationship among rumen microflora\u2013VFAs-hepatic gluconeogenesis in Tibetan sheep at different altitudes. Among the microbiota, Ruminococcus\u00a0flavefaciens (R. flavefaciens), Ruminococcus albus (R. albus), Fibrobactersuccinogenes and Ruminobacter\u00a0amylophilus (R. amylophilus) were significantly correlated with propionic acid (p &lt; 0.05), while propionic acid was significantly correlated with the transport genes monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and anion exchanger 2 (AE2) (p &lt; 0.05). Propionic acid was significantly correlated with key enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvic acid carboxylase and glucose (Glu) in the gluconeogenesis pathway (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the expressions of these genes were significantly correlated with those of the related genes, namely, forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) (p &lt; 0.05). The results showed that rumen microbiota densities differed at different altitudes, and the metabolically produced VFA contents differed, which led to adaptive changes in the key enzyme activities of gluconeogenesis and the expressions of related genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T03:46:29Z","timestamp":1718855189000},"page":"6726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of the Interaction between Rumen Microbiota Density\u2013VFAs\u2013Hepatic Gluconeogenesis on the Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep to Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0023-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuzhu","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6057-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanxiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9811-0085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5348-6781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengyang","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.5851","article-title":"Altitude shapes the environmental drivers of large-scale variation in abundance of a widespread mammal species","volume":"10","author":"Jacquier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. 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