{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:23:36Z","timestamp":1792585416379,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"NATIONAL SCIENCE CENTER, Poland\u2013PRELUDIUM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/41\/N\/NZ9\/01638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/41\/N\/NZ9\/01638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"NATIONAL SCIENCE CENTER, Poland\u2013PRELUDIUM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12.610.005-110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12.610.005-110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012706","name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/41\/N\/NZ9\/01638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/41\/N\/NZ9\/01638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012706","name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12.610.005-110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12.610.005-110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, the extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is recognized as environmental pollution. The data indicate that the ELF-EMF may affect factors related to epigenetic regulation and alter important biological processes in the uterus. The impact of the ELF-EMF on apoptosis and oxidative-stress-related genes has not been documented in porcine endometrium. This raises the question of whether the exposure to the ELF-EMF can induce apoptosis and\/or oxidative stress in the endometrium of pigs during the peri-implantation period. Porcine endometrial slices (100 \u00b1 5 mg) collected (n = 5) during the peri-implantation period were treated in vitro with ELF-EMF at a frequency of 50 Hz and flux density of 8 \u00d7 104 mG for 2 h. To determine the effect of ELF-EMF on apoptosis and oxidative stress in the endometrium, CASP3, CASP7, CIDEB, GADD45G, NOS1, NOS2, NOS3, and TP53I3 mRNA transcript were analyzed using real-time PCR, and protein abundance of CASP3, CASP7 using Western blot, and eNOS using ELISA were determined. Moreover, CASP3\/7 and NOS activity was analyzed using flow cytometry and colorimetry, respectively. The decreased CASP7 and increased NOS3 mRNA transcript and protein abundance in ELF-EMF-treated endometrium were observed. Moreover, CIDEB, GADD45G, and TP53I3 mRNA transcript abundance was increased. Only p \u2264 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. The documented alterations indicate the potential of the ELF-EMF to affect apoptosis and generate oxidative stress in the endometrium. The insight into observed consequences documents for the first time the fact that the ELF-EMF may influence endometrial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and\/or tissue receptivity during peri-implantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25136931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T04:19:26Z","timestamp":1719461966000},"page":"6931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Extremely-Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Affects Apoptosis and Oxidative-Stress-Related Genes and Proteins in the Porcine Endometrium\u2014An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3098-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawel Jozef","family":"Wydorski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0661-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Zmijewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2418-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Franczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, H., and Levitt, B.B. 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