{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:52:48Z","timestamp":1787755968125,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iron is an essential nutrient for humans and microbes, such as bacteria. Iron deficiency commonly occurs in critically ill patients, but supplementary iron therapy is not considered during the acute phase of critical illness since it increases iron availability for invading microbes and oxidative stress. However, persistent iron deficiency in the recovery phase is harmful and has potential adverse outcomes such as cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, and cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Therefore, it is important to treat iron deficiency quickly and efficiently. This article reviews current knowledge about iron-related biomarkers in critical illness with a focus on patients with sepsis, and provides possible criteria to guide decision-making for iron supplementation in the recovery phase of those patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T05:11:39Z","timestamp":1719465099000},"page":"7004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Iron Metabolism in the Recovery Phase of Critical Illness with a Focus on Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xiyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anaesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Holbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3040-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6419-9168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e060972","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-060972","article-title":"Towards definitions of critical illness and critical care using concept analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kayambankadzanja","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2373-1","article-title":"Iron Metabolism: An Emerging Therapeutic Target in Critical Illness","volume":"23","author":"Litton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. 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