{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:49:02Z","timestamp":1787028542899,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"international Ph.D. program in Neuroscience and \u201cPiano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza, PNRR\u201d","award":["2015MJBEM2_006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015MJBEM2_006"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca\u201d, PRIN 2015","award":["2015MJBEM2_006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015MJBEM2_006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an extremely complex neurodegenerative disease involving different cell types, but motoneuronal loss represents its main pathological feature. Moreover, compensatory plastic changes taking place in parallel to neurodegeneration are likely to affect the timing of ALS onset and progression and, interestingly, they might represent a promising target for disease-modifying treatments. Therefore, a simplified animal model mimicking motoneuronal loss without the other pathological aspects of ALS has been established by means of intramuscular injection of cholera toxin-B saporin (CTB-Sap), which is a targeted neurotoxin able to kill motoneurons by retrograde suicide transport. Previous studies employing the mouse CTB-Sap model have proven that spontaneous motor recovery is possible after a subtotal removal of a spinal motoneuronal pool. Although these kinds of plastic changes are not enough to counteract the functional effects of the progressive motoneuron degeneration, it would nevertheless represent a promising target for treatments aiming to postpone ALS onset and\/or delay disease progression. Herein, the mouse CTB-Sap model has been used to test the efficacy of mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) as a tool to counteract the CTB-Sap toxicity and\/or to promote neuroplasticity. The homeostasis of mitochondrial fission\/fusion dynamics is indeed important for cell integrity, and it could be affected during neurodegeneration. Lesioned mice were treated with Mdivi-1 and then examined by a series of behavioral test and histological analyses. The results have shown that the drug may be capable of reducing functional deficits after the lesion and promoting synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection, thus representing a putative translational approach for motoneuron disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T11:19:02Z","timestamp":1719487142000},"page":"7059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mitigating the Functional Deficit after Neurotoxic Motoneuronal Loss by an Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Fission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Ciuro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sangiorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Cacciato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Cantone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Fichera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Salvatorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Magro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8609-2561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giampiero","family":"Leanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5254-3283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9728-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Stella","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8067-697X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Gulino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960802566824","article-title":"Prognostic factors in ALS: A critical review","volume":"10","author":"Logroscino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e635","article-title":"The multistep hypothesis of ALS revisited: The role of genetic mutations","volume":"91","author":"Mazzini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciuro, M., Sangiorgio, M., Leanza, G., and Gulino, R. (2022). A Meta-Analysis Study of SOD1-Mutant Mouse Models of ALS to Analyse the Determinants of Disease Onset and Progression. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010216"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2013.0400295","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: An update for 2013 clinical features, pathophysiology, management and therapeutic trials","volume":"4","author":"Gordon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14393","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A clinical review","volume":"27","author":"Masrori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shatunov, A., and Al-Chalabi, A. (2021). The genetic architecture of ALS. Neurobiol. Dis., 147.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105156"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.203","article-title":"The epidemiology of ALS: A conspiracy of genes, environment and time","volume":"9","author":"Hardiman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70219-4","article-title":"Analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a multistep process: A population-based modelling study","volume":"13","author":"Calvo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17071","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.71","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Hardiman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61156-7","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"377","author":"Kiernan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21936","article-title":"Onset and spreading patterns of upper and lower motor neuron symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"43","author":"Kollewe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2003.10.004","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a distal axonopathy: Evidence in mice and man","volume":"185","author":"Fischer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02658-6","article-title":"Neuromuscular junction dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"59","author":"Verma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1080\/14660820052415808","article-title":"The role of electromyography (EMG) in the diagnosis of ALS","volume":"1","author":"Dengler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Other Mot. Neuron Disord."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(00)00298-3","article-title":"Tracer-toxins: Cholera toxin B-saporin as a model","volume":"103","author":"Martin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Method"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.08.026","article-title":"Hypoglossal motor neuron death via intralingual CTB-saporin (CTB-SAP) injections mimic aspects of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) related to dysphagia","volume":"390","author":"Lind","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy, E.R., Thompson, R., Osman, K.L., Haxton, C., Brothers, M., Lee, L., Warncke, K., Smith, C.L., Keilholz, A.N., and Hamad, A. (2022). A strength endurance exercise paradigm mitigates deficits in hypoglossal-tongue axis function, strength, and structure in a rodent model of hypoglossal motor neuron degeneration. Front. Neurosci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.869592"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113892","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ketoprofen)delivery differentially impacts phrenic long-term facilitation in rats with motor neuron death induced by intrapleural CTB-SAP injections","volume":"347","author":"Borkowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2017.08.003","article-title":"Phrenic long-term facilitation following intrapleural CTB-SAP-induced respiratory motor neuron death","volume":"256","author":"Nichols","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2012.04.010","article-title":"Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and sonic hedgehog in the spinal cord plasticity after neurotoxic partial removal of lumbar motoneurons","volume":"72","author":"Gulino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.06.029","article-title":"Noggin and Sonic hedgehog are involved in compensatory changes within the motoneuron-depleted mouse spinal cord","volume":"332","author":"Gulino","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07170.x","article-title":"Expression of cell fate determinants and plastic changes after neurotoxic lesion of adult mice spinal cord by cholera toxin-B saporin","volume":"31","author":"Gulino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527314666150116115414","article-title":"TDP-43 as a Modulator of Synaptic Plasticity in a Mouse Model of Spinal Motoneuron Degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Gulino","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gulino, R., Vicario, N., Giunta, M.A.S., Spoto, G., Calabrese, G., Vecchio, M., Gulisano, M., Leanza, G., and Parenti, R. (2019). Neuromuscular Plasticity in a Mouse Neurotoxic Model of Spinal Motoneuronal Loss. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061500"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03907-1","article-title":"Clobetasol promotes neuromuscular plasticity in mice after motoneuronal loss via sonic hedgehog signaling, immunomodulation and metabolic rebalancing","volume":"12","author":"Vicario","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769735","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2769735","article-title":"Neuroplasticity and repair in rodent neurotoxic models of spinal motoneuron disease","volume":"2016","author":"Gulino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24751","article-title":"Compensatory changes in degenerating spinal motoneurons sustain functional sparing in the SOD1-G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"528","author":"Giusto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gulino, R. (2023). Synaptic dysfunction and plasticity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054613"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor, H.B.C., and Jeans, A.F. (2021). Friend or foe? The varied faces of homeostatic synaptic plasticity in neurodegenerative disease. Front. Cell Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.782768"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2023.10.002","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"21","author":"Klemmensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ratano, P., Cocozza, G., Pinchera, C., Busdraghi, L.M., Cantando, I., Martinello, K., Scioli, M., Rosito, M., Bezzi, P., and Fucile, S. (2024). Reduction of inflammation and mitochondrial degeneration in mutant SOD1 mice through inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1333745"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvatori, I., Nesci, V., Spalloni, A., Marabitti, V., Muzzi, M., Zenuni, H., Scaricamazza, S., Rosina, M., Fenili, G., and Goglia, M. (2024). Trimetazidine improves mitochondrial dysfunction in SOD1G93A cellular models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through autophagy activation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063251"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.06.052","article-title":"The role of mitochondria in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"710","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, G., Yi, J., Ma, C., Xiao, Y., Yi, F., Yu, T., and Zhou, J. (2013). Defective mitochondrial dynamics is an early event in skeletal muscle of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082112"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10032","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27866","article-title":"Dynamin-related protein 1: A critical protein in the pathogenesis of neural system dysfunctions and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"234","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genin, E.C., Abou-Ali, M., and Paquis-Flucklinger, V. (2023). Mitochondria, a Key Target in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis. Genes, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14111981"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07181-0","article-title":"Mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 is neuroprotective in the A53T-\u03b1-synuclein rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Bido","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"505","article-title":"Mdivi-1: A promising drug and its underlying mechanisms in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.09.008","article-title":"Regulation of system x(c)- in the SOD1-G93A mouse model of ALS","volume":"250","author":"Albano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"13","article-title":"Quantification of gait parameters in freely walking rodents","volume":"22","author":"Mendes","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, X., Wang, B., Hu, Y., Wang, S., and Zhang, X. (2020). Abnormal Mitochondrial Quality Control in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front. Cell Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00138"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddac287","article-title":"Activating mitofusins interrupts mitochondrial degeneration and delays disease progression in SOD1 mutant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"32","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kodavati, M., Wang, H., and Hegde, M.L. (2020). Altered Mitochondrial Dynamics in Motor Neuron Disease: An Emerging Perspective. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9041065"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02557-w","article-title":"Targeting tau mitigates mitochondrial fragmentation and oxidative stress in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"59","author":"Petrozziello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, C., Huang, Y., and Li, L. (2017). Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission Plays Critical Roles in Physiological and Pathological Progresses in Mammals. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010144"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8166","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201708166","article-title":"Inhibition of Drp1\/Fis1 interaction slows progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Joshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2023.103834","article-title":"Compartment specific mitochondrial dysfunction in Drosophila knock-in model of ALS reversed by altered gene expression of OXPHOS subunits and pro-fission factor Drp1","volume":"125","author":"Nemtsova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Wang, X., Huo, Z., Chen, Y., Liu, J., Zhao, Z., Meng, F., Su, Q., Bao, W., and Zhang, L. (2022). The Impact of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11132049"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275498","article-title":"The vulnerability of spinal motoneurons and soma size plasticity in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"596","author":"Dukkipati","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.112304","article-title":"Dopamine D1 receptor agonism induces dynamin related protein-1 inhibition to improve mitochondrial biogenesis and dopaminergic neurogenesis in rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"378","author":"Mishra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2021.02.002","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of natural cordycepin in rotenone-induced PD models through inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission","volume":"84","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144308","article-title":"Plasticity of the spinal neural circuitry after injury","volume":"27","author":"Edgerton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turrigiano, G. (2012). Homeostatic synaptic plasticity: Local and global mechanisms for stabilizing neuronal function. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 4.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005736"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-62817-2_1","article-title":"What is neural plasticity?","volume":"1015","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2206167","article-title":"Plastic spinal motor circuits in health and disease","volume":"22","author":"Windhorst","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.807","article-title":"Activity-dependent spinal cord plasticity in health and disease","volume":"24","author":"Wolpaw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folker, E.S., and Baylies, M.K. (2013). Nuclear positioning in muscle development and disease. Front. Physiol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00363"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/13\/7059\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:06:23Z","timestamp":1760108783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/13\/7059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25137059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25137059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]}}}