{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:34:02Z","timestamp":1793054042685,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["101035821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101035821"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, affecting 10\u201315% of women of reproductive age. Pain is the most common symptom. Treatment options include surgery, which has limited effectiveness and high recurrence rates, and pharmacotherapy. Hormonal therapies, commonly used for symptom management, can have side effects and contraceptive outcomes, contributing to the infertility associated with endometriosis, with pain and lesions often reappearing after treatment cessation. Among its etiological factors, immunological and inflammatory dysregulation plays a significant role, representing an interesting target for developing new therapeutic strategies. This review critically analyzes recent studies to provide an updated synthesis of ongoing research into potential new pharmacotherapies focusing on lesion progression, pain relief, and improving quality of life. Immunotherapy, natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds and drug repurposing show promise in addressing the limitations of current treatments by targeting immunological factors, potentially offering non-invasive solutions for managing pain and infertility in endometriosis. Promising results have been obtained from in vitro and animal model studies, but clinical trials are still limited. More effort is needed to translate these findings into clinical practice to effectively reduce disease progression, alleviate pain symptoms and preserve the reproductive capacity, improving patients\u2019 overall wellbeing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T11:19:02Z","timestamp":1719487142000},"page":"7068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["New Potential Pharmacological Options for Endometriosis Associated Pain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Garc\u00eda-Izquierdo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology (B) and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3349-8445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Mar\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hospital General Universitario Santa Luc\u00eda, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2922-4804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Garc\u00eda-Pe\u00f1arrubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology (B) and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5765-8231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Esparza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology (B) and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99681-3","article-title":"Real world data on symptomology and diagnostic approaches of 27,840 women living with endometriosis","volume":"14","author":"Becker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. 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