{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:56:23Z","timestamp":1777895783999,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Association for Leucodistrophy of Krabbe \u201cProgetto Grazia\u201d","award":["20821141006\/55048726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20821141006\/55048726"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lipid mediators from fatty acid oxidation have been shown to be associated with the severity of Krabbe disease (KD), a disorder linked to mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. This study aims to investigate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on KD traits and fatty acid metabolism using Twitcher (Tw) animals as a natural model for KD. Wild-type (Wt), heterozygous (Ht), and affected Tw animals were treated orally with 36 mg n-3 PUFAs\/kg body weight\/day from 10 to 35 days of life. The end product of PUFA peroxidation (8-isoprostane), the lipid mediator involved in the resolution of inflammatory exudates (resolvin D1), and the total amount of n-3 PUFAs were analyzed in the brains of mice. In Tw mice, supplementation with n-3 PUFAs delayed the manifestation of disease symptoms (p &lt; 0.0001), and in the bran, decreased 8-isoprostane amounts (p &lt; 0.0001), increased resolvin D1 levels (p &lt; 0.005) and increased quantity of total n-3 PUFAs (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, total brain n-3 PUFA levels were associated with disease severity (r = \u22120.562, p = 0.0001), resolvin D1 (r = 0.712, p &lt; 0.0001), and 8-isoprostane brain levels (r = \u22120.690, p &lt; 0.0001). For the first time in a natural model of KD, brain levels of n-3 PUFAs are shown to determine disease severity and to be involved in the peroxidation of brain PUFAs as well as in the production of pro-resolving lipid mediators. It is also shown that dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs leads to a slowing of the phenotypic presentation of the disease and restoration of lipid mediator production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T12:58:42Z","timestamp":1719925122000},"page":"7149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dietary Supplementation with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Delays the Phenotypic Manifestation of Krabbe Disease and Partially Restores Lipid Mediator Production in the Brain\u2014Study in a Mouse Model of the Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0006-9414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Signorini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Pannuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana Carol Eleonora","family":"Graziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna \u201cKore\u201d, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9467-0501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1587-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Collodel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venera","family":"Cardile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-012-0285-7","article-title":"Partial rescue of Rett syndrome by \u03c9-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) oil","volume":"7","author":"Signorini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2014.08.002","article-title":"Altered erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profile in typical Rett syndrome: Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation","volume":"91","author":"Signorini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattioli, S., Moretti, E., Castellini, C., Signorini, C., Corsaro, R., Angelucci, E., and Collodel, G. (2023). Can Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Affect Apelin and Resolvin in Testis and Sperm of Male Rabbits?. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28176188"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Djuricic, I., and Calder, P.C. (2021). Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072421"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.160","article-title":"Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Youths with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials and Biological Studies","volume":"43","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000255","article-title":"Lowering dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Interaction with brain arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids","volume":"27","author":"Alashmali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2023.110660","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid promotes M2 microglia phenotype via activating PPAR\u03b3-mediated ERK\/AKT pathway against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"199","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.12.028","article-title":"Post-operative cognitive dysfunction is exacerbated by high-fat diet via TLR4 and prevented by dietary DHA supplementation","volume":"116","author":"Muscat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.4.855","article-title":"Dietary (n-3) fatty acids and brain development","volume":"137","author":"Innis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52323-w","article-title":"Multimodal machine learning for modeling infant head circumference, mothers\u2019 milk composition, and their shared environment","volume":"14","author":"Becker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6420","article-title":"A Single Injection of Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces a Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Profile in the Injured Tissue and a Long-Lasting Reduction in Neurological Deficit after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice","volume":"37","author":"Ingram","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03324-y","article-title":"Effects of vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"63","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loong, S., Barnes, S., Gatto, N.M., Chowdhury, S., and Lee, G.J. (2023). Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cognition, and Brain Volume in Older Adults. Brain Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091278"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, J., Yang, L., Huang, C., Deng, S., Yang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., and Song, C. (2023). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid or Docosahexaenoic Acid Improved Ageing-Associated Cognitive Decline by Regulating Glial Polarization. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21070398"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.11.037","article-title":"Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and brain maturation in preterm infants; a double blind RCT","volume":"43","author":"Moltu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gsoellpointner, M., Thanhaeuser, M., Eibensteiner, F., Ristl, R., Jilma, B., Fuiko, R., Brandstetter, S., Berger, A., and Haiden, N. (2023). Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake during Complementary Feeding and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143141"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2022.2070642","article-title":"Functional behavior of DHA and EPA in the formation of babies brain at different stages of age, and protect from different brain-related diseases","volume":"25","author":"Khalid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.4924","article-title":"High-Dose Docosahexaenoic Acid in Newborns Born at Less Than 29 Weeks\u2019 Gestation and Behavior at Age 5 Years: Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"178","author":"Gould","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lauritzen, L., Brambilla, P., Mazzocchi, A., Harsl\u00f8f, L.B., Ciappolino, V., and Agostoni, C. (2016). DHA Effects in Brain Development and Function. Nutrients., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8010006"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.10.021","article-title":"Omega-3 supplementation in children with ADHD and intractable epilepsy","volume":"94","author":"Elsadek","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2200275","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200275","article-title":"DHA and EPA Prevent Seizure and Depression-Like Behavior by Inhibiting Ferroptosis and Neuroinflammation via Different Mode-of-Actions in a Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Model in Mice","volume":"66","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y.C., Wang, C.C., Li, X.Y., Wang, D.D., Wang, Y.M., Xue, C.H., Wen, M., and Zhang, T.T. (2023). Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs in Adulthood Attenuated Susceptibility to Pentylenetetrazol Induced Epilepsy in Mice Fed with n-3 PUFAs Deficient Diet in Early Life. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21060354"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Z., Lou, Y., Li, Z., and Liu, S. (2023). Causal relationship between human blood omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of epilepsy: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front. Neurol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1130439"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brosolo, G., and Da Porto, A. (2023). Fatty Acids in Arterial Hypertension: Is There Any Good News?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119520"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S424622","article-title":"Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy (Krabbe Disease): An Update","volume":"12","author":"Maghazachi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rebiai, R., Rue, E., Zaldua, S., Nguyen, D., Scesa, G., Jastrzebski, M., Foster, R., Wang, B., Jiang, X., and Tai, L. (2022). CRISPR-Cas9 Knock-In of T513M and G41S Mutations in the Murine \u03b2-Galactosyl-Ceramidase Gene Re-capitulates Early-Onset and Adult-Onset Forms of Krabbe Disease. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.896314"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302282","article-title":"Transgenic rescue of Krabbe disease in the twitcher mouse","volume":"11","author":"Friedrich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Rosenberg, R.N., and Pascual, J.M. (2015). Krabbe Disease: Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy. Rosenberg\u2019s Molecular and Genetic Basis of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Academic Press. [5th ed.]. Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg, London, New York, Oxford, Paris, San Diego, San Francisco, Singapore, Sidney, Tokyo."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2346-19.2020","article-title":"Fingolimod Rescues Demyelination in a Mouse Model of Krabbe\u2019s Disease","volume":"40","author":"Yssel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300026","article-title":"Central nervous system-directed AAV2\/5-mediated gene therapy synergizes with bone marrow transplantation in the murine model of globoid-cell leukodystrophy","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.555","article-title":"Mesenchymal lineage stem cells have pronounced anti-inflammatory effects in the twitcher mouse model of Krabbe\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Ripoll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.014","article-title":"Increased isoprostanoid levels in brain from murine model of Krabbe disease-Relevance of isoprostanes, dihomo-isoprostanes and neuroprostanes to disease severity","volume":"139","author":"Signorini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"913","article-title":"Decreased Resolvin D1 and Increased Fatty Acid Oxidation Contribute to Severity Score of Krabbe Disease in Twitcher Mice","volume":"38","author":"Signorini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alabed, H.B.R., Del Grosso, A., Bellani, V., Urbanelli, L., Carpi, S., De Sarlo, M., Bertocci, L., Colagiorgio, L., Buratta, S., and Scaccini, L. (2023). Untargeted Lipidomic Approach for Studying Different Nervous System Tissues of the Murine Model of Krabbe Disease. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13101562"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-014-3945-0","article-title":"GC-EI-MS analysis of fatty acid composition in brain and serum of twitcher mouse","volume":"49","author":"Zanfini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Auria, L., Reiter, C., Ward, E., Moyano, A.L., Marshall, M.S., Nguyen, D., Scesa, G., Hauck, Z., van Breemen, R., and Givogri, M.I. (2017). Psychosine enhances the shedding of membrane microvesicles: Implications in demyelination in Krabbe\u2019s disease. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178103"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.10.010","article-title":"Pharmacology and therapeutics of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in chronic inflammatory disease","volume":"141","author":"Yates","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parolini, C. (2023). The Role of Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammatory-Based Disease: The Case of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mar. Drugs, 22.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202312.0180.v1"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112413","article-title":"Joint effects of one year of marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and participant dietary fish intake upon circulating lipid mediators of inflammation resolution in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"123","author":"Oakes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170579","article-title":"Immunotherapy of Mild Cognitive Impairment by \u03c9-3 Supplementation: Why Are Amyloid-\u03b2 Antibodies and \u03c9-3 Not Working in Clinical Trials?","volume":"62","author":"Fiala","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150367","article-title":"Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators from Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Amyloid-\u03b2 Phagocytosis and Regulate Inflammation in Patients with Minor Cognitive Impairment","volume":"48","author":"Fiala","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.09.012","article-title":"Reduction of high-fat diet-induced liver proinflammatory state by eicosapentaenoic acid plus hydroxytyrosol supplementation: Involvement of resolvins RvE1\/2 and RvD1\/2","volume":"63","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.39","article-title":"Resolution of inflammation: A new therapeutic frontier","volume":"15","author":"Fullerton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmid, T., and Br\u00fcne, B. (2021). Prostanoids and Resolution of Inflammation-Beyond the Lipid-Mediator Class Switch. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.714042"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6894","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-0889-z","article-title":"Resolvin D1 Halts Remote Neuroinflammation and Improves Functional Recovery after Focal Brain Damage Via ALX\/FPR2 Receptor-Regulated MicroRNAs","volume":"55","author":"Bisicchia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112617","article-title":"Resolvin D1 reprograms energy metabolism to promote microglia to phagocytize neutrophils after ischemic stroke","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, C., Guo, S., Liu, W., Jin, F., Wei, B., Fan, H., Su, H., Liu, J., Zhang, N., and Fang, D. (2021). Resolvin D1 ameliorates Inflammation-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in rats by Modulating A20 and NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.610734"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giacobbe, J., Benoiton, B., Zunszain, P., Pariante, C.M., and Borsini, A. (2020). The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Metabolites in Pre-Clinical Models of Psychiatric, Neurodegenerative, and Neurological Disorders. Front. Psychiatry, 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00122"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23804","article-title":"Neuroimmune mechanisms in Krabbe\u2019s disease","volume":"94","author":"Potter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhattab, M., Moorthy, L.S., Patel, D., Franco, C.M.M., and Puri, M. (2024). Oleaginous Microbial Lipids\u2019 Potential in the Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Mar. Drugs, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/md22020080"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pifferi, F., Laurent, B., and Plourde, M. (2021). Lipid Transport and Metabolism at the Blood-Brain Interface: Implications in Health and Disease. Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.645646"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"207","article-title":"Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition, behavior, and mood: Clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids","volume":"12","author":"Kidd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Altern. Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ochi, E., and Tsuchiya, Y. (2018). Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Muscle Damage and Function. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050552"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19861-z","article-title":"Essential omega-3 fatty acids tune microglial phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the mouse developing brain","volume":"11","author":"Madore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3640450","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3640450","article-title":"Fatty Acid Profile and Metabolism Are Related to Human Sperm Parameters and Are Relevant in Idiopathic Infertility and Varicocele","volume":"2020","author":"Collodel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghezzo, A., Visconti, P., Abruzzo, P.M., Bolotta, A., Ferreri, C., Gobbi, G., Malisardi, G., Manfredini, S., Marini, M., and Nanetti, L. (2013). Oxidative Stress and Erythrocyte Membrane Alterations in Children with Autism: Correlation with Clinical Features. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066418"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2014.10.001","article-title":"Determination of the kinetics of biodiesel saponification in alcoholic hydroxide solutions","volume":"140","author":"Eze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanzani, A., Sansone, A., Brenna, C., Baldassarro, V.A., Alastra, G., Lorenzini, L., Chatgilialoglu, C., Laface, I., Ferreri, C., and Neri, L.M. (2023). Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition Mirrors That of Neurons and Glial Cells in Murine Experimental In Vitro and In Vivo Inflammation. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040561"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2330rev","article-title":"Isoprostanes: Markers and mediators of oxidative stress","volume":"18","author":"Montuschi","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4631","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11114631","article-title":"Isoprostanes-biomarkers of lipid peroxidation: Their utility in evaluating oxidative stress and analysis","volume":"11","author":"Janicka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.03.002","article-title":"Reliable determination of new lipid peroxidation compounds as potential early Alzheimer Disease biomarkers","volume":"184","author":"Oger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(94)90128-7","article-title":"Evidence that the F2-isoprostane, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha, is formed in vivo","volume":"1210","author":"Morrow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S219","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800037-JLR200","article-title":"Isoprostanes","volume":"50","author":"Roberts","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/13\/7149\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:07:23Z","timestamp":1760108843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/13\/7149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25137149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25137149","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]}}}