{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:12:27Z","timestamp":1760145147148,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the molecular factors involved in the development of uterine myomas may result in the use of pharmacological drugs instead of aggressive surgical treatment. ANG1, CaSR, and FAK were examined in myoma and peripheral tissue samples taken from women after myoma surgery and in normal uterine muscle tissue samples taken from the control group. Tests were performed using tissue microarray immunohistochemistry. No statistically significant differences in ANG1 expression between the tissue of the myoma, the periphery, and the normal uterine muscle tissue of the control group were recorded. The CaSR value was reduced in the myoma and peripheral tissue and normal in the group of women without myomas. FAK expression was also lower in the myoma and periphery compared to the healthy uterine myometrium. Calcium supplementation could have an effect on stopping the growth of myomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T12:58:42Z","timestamp":1719925122000},"page":"7164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of Expression of the ANG1, CaSR and FAK Proteins in Uterine Fibroids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Markowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology and Women\u2019s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4718-9747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"de Mezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biology, Department of Immunobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2223-0291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kurzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology and Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Oncological Pathology, University Clinical Hospital in Poznan, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wies\u0142awa","family":"Bednarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3677-3374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Grybo\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0375-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Krzy\u017caniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology and Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Oncological Pathology, University Clinical Hospital in Poznan, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"Markowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecological Center, 60-560 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Grybo\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5838-0451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"\u017burawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biology, Department of Immunobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.09.004","article-title":"Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Uterine Fibroids","volume":"46","author":"Pavone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx032","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix in Uterine Leiomyoma Pathogenesis: A Potential Target for Future Therapeutics","volume":"24","author":"Islam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciebiera, M., Ali, M., Prince, L., Jackson-Bey, T., Atabiekov, I., Zgliczy\u0144ski, S., and Al-Hendy, A. (2020). The Evolving Role of Natural Compounds in the Medical Treatment of Uterine Fibroids. J. Clin. Med., 9.","key":"ref_3","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051479"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu048","article-title":"Ovarian Steroids, Stem Cells and Uterine Leiomyoma: Therapeutic Implications","volume":"21","author":"Moravek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardozo, E.R., Foster, R., Karmon, A.E., Lee, A.E., Gatune, L.W., Rueda, B.R., and Styer, A.K. (2018). MicroRNA 21a-5p Overexpression Impacts Mediators of Extracellular Matrix Formation in Uterine Leiomyoma. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 16.","key":"ref_5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0364-8"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"201","article-title":"Multiple Mutations in Exon-2 of Med-12 Identified in Uterine Leiomyomata","volume":"22","author":"Firdaus","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Infertil."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy028","article-title":"Uterine Stem Cells: From Basic Research to Advanced Cell Therapies","volume":"24","author":"Santamaria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciebiera, M., W\u0142odarczyk, M., Ciebiera, M., Zar\u0119ba, K., \u0141ukaszuk, K., and Jakiel, G. (2018). Vitamin D and Uterine Fibroids-Review of the Literature and Novel Concepts. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","key":"ref_8","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19072051"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markowska, A., Kurzawa, P., Bednarek, W., Grybo\u015b, A., Mardas, M., Krzy\u017caniak, M., Majewski, J., Markowska, J., Grybo\u015b, M., and \u017burawski, J. (2022). Immunohistochemical Expression of Vitamin D Receptor in Uterine Fibroids. Nutrients, 14.","key":"ref_9","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163371"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7993","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64871-y","article-title":"Fisetin Induces Apoptosis in Uterine Leiomyomas through Multiple Pathways","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.05.012","article-title":"Simvastatin Ameliorates Altered Mechanotransduction in Uterine Leiomyoma Cells","volume":"223","author":"Afrin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo, T.A., Banuth, A.M.M., Nader, H.B., and Dreyfuss, J.L. (2020). Altered Shear Stress on Endothelial Cells Leads to Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix and Induction of Angiogenesis. PLoS ONE, 15.","key":"ref_12","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241040"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.13808","article-title":"Focal Adhesion Kinase-An Emerging Viable Target in Cancer and Development of Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitors","volume":"97","author":"Chauhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Drug Des."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado-Lopez, A., Sim\u00f3n, C., and Mas, A. (2021). Molecular and Cellular Insights into the Development of Uterine Fibroids. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","key":"ref_14","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168483"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vega, R., Carretero, M., Travasso, R.D.M., and Bonilla, L.L. (2020). Notch Signaling and Taxis Mechanisms Regulate Early Stage Angiogenesis: A Mathematical and Computational Model. PLoS Comput. Biol., 16.","key":"ref_15","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006919"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moccia, F., Negri, S., Shekha, M., Faris, P., and Guerra, G. (2019). Endothelial Ca2+ Signaling, Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis: Just What It Takes to Make a Blood Vessel. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","key":"ref_16","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20163962"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6526","article-title":"3-O-Acetyloleanolic Acid Inhibits Angiopoietin-1-Induced Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis via Suppression of Angiopoietin-1\/Tie-2 Signaling","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harel, S., Sanchez-Gonzalez, V., Echavarria, R., Mayaki, D., and Hussain, S.N. (2020). Roles of miR-640 and Zinc Finger Protein 91 (ZFP91) in Angiopoietin-1-Induced In Vitro Angiogenesis. Cells, 9.","key":"ref_18","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071602"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pafumi, I., Favia, A., Gambara, G., Papacci, F., Ziparo, E., Palombi, F., and Filippini, A. (2015). Regulation of Angiogenic Functions by Angiopoietins through Calcium-Dependent Signaling Pathways. Biomed. Res. Int., 2015.","key":"ref_19","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/965271"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.12.013","article-title":"Calcium Concentration Response to Uterine Ischemia: A Comparison of Uterine Fibroid Cells and Adjacent Normal Myometrial Cells","volume":"174","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00218-2","article-title":"Rapid Effects of Oestrogen on Intracellular Ca2+ in the Uterine Junctional Myometrium of Patients With and Without Adenomyosis in Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61882-X","article-title":"Fibroid Calcification after Uterine Artery Embolization: Ultrasonographic Appearance and Pathology","volume":"12","author":"Nicholson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coemr.2020.06.007","article-title":"Calcium-Sensing Receptor Signaling\u2014How Human Disease Informs Biology","volume":"16","author":"Gorvin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocr. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16618-6","article-title":"Pericyte FAK Negatively Regulates Gas6\/Axl Signalling to Suppress Tumour Angiogenesis and Tumour Growth","volume":"11","author":"Lechertier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4371","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-3934","article-title":"Tumor Angiogenesis Is Differentially Regulated by Phosphorylation of Endothelial Cell Focal Adhesion Kinase Tyrosines-397 and -861","volume":"79","author":"Pedrosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7143","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26537","article-title":"Omega-3 Fatty Acids Modulate the Lipid Profile, Membrane Architecture, and Gene Expression of Leiomyoma Cells","volume":"233","author":"Islam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katoh, K. (2020). FAK-Dependent Cell Motility and Cell Elongation. Cells, 9.","key":"ref_27","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010192"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13541","article-title":"Endothelial-Cell FAK Targeting Sensitizes Tumours to DNA-Damaging Therapy","volume":"514","author":"Tavora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.13346","article-title":"Oxidative Stress-Induced FAK Activation Contributes to Uterine Serous Carcinoma Aggressiveness","volume":"17","author":"Pijuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.03.079","article-title":"The FIGO Classification of Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in the Reproductive Years","volume":"95","author":"Munro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01949-y","article-title":"Injection of Aquafilling\u00ae for Breast Augmentation Causes Inflammatory Responses Independent of Visible Symptoms","volume":"45","author":"Chalcarz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2021.09.005","article-title":"Uterine Fibroid Vascularization: From Morphological Evidence to Clinical Implications","volume":"44","author":"Ciarmela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. BioMedicine Online"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Don, E.E., Middelkoop, M.-A., Hehenkamp, W.J.K., Mijatovic, V., Griffioen, A.W., and Huirne, J.A.F. (2023). Endometrial Angiogenesis of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Infertility in Patients with Uterine Fibroids-A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","key":"ref_33","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087011"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"257","article-title":"Uterine Fibroids\u2014Current Trends and Strategies","volume":"34","author":"Grube","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg. Technol. Int."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowler, E., and Oltean, S. (2019). Alternative Splicing in Angiogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","key":"ref_35","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092067"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4473","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i33.4473","article-title":"Expression of Angiopoietin-1, 2 and 4 and Tie-1 and 2 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor, Leiomyoma and Schwannoma","volume":"13","author":"Nakayama","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmad004","article-title":"Angiogenesis in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Narrative Review","volume":"29","author":"Middelkoop","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Angiopoietin-1 Associated with a Decreased Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Stage Cervical Cancer","volume":"35","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adeboje-Jimoh, F., Okunade, K.S., Olorunfemi, G., and Olamijulo, J.A. (2023). Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Women with Uterine Fibroids at a University Teaching Hospital in Southwest Nigeria: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Res. Sq.","key":"ref_39","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2877359\/v1"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300060520923492","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520923492","article-title":"The Associations between Serum Vitamin D, Calcium and Uterine Fibroids in Chinese Women: A Case-Controlled Study","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e923412","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.923412","article-title":"Hypercalcemia Resulting from Necrotizing Leiomyoma in a Pregnant Female","volume":"21","author":"Kropf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867327666201103162239","article-title":"New Insights on Fak and Fak Inhibitors","volume":"28","author":"Brullo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00340-6","article-title":"Targeting FAK in Anticancer Combination Therapies","volume":"21","author":"Dawson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2021.11.025","article-title":"Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Solid Tumors: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence","volume":"27","author":"Quispe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/13\/7164\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:07:30Z","timestamp":1760108850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/13\/7164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25137164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25137164","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1422-0067"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]}}}