{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:08:22Z","timestamp":1791414502579,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":215,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this review is to identify the microbiological alterations caused by various therapy modalities by critically analyzing the current findings. We limited our search to English-language papers published between 1 January 2004 and 7 May 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science that were relevant to our topic. In the search approach, the Boolean keywords \u201cmicrobio*\u201d AND \u201cperiodontitis\u201d were used. A total of 5152 papers were obtained from the databases Web of Science (2205), PubMed (1793), and Scopus (1154). This resulted in 3266 articles after eliminating duplicates (1886), and 1411 entries were eliminated after their titles and abstracts were examined. The qualitative analysis of the 22 final articles is included in this study. Research on periodontal disease shows that periodontitis alters the oral microbiome and increases antibiotic resistance. Treatments like scaling and root planing (SRP), especially when combined with minocycline, improve clinical outcomes by reducing harmful bacteria. Comprehensive mechanical debridement with antibiotics, probiotics, EMD with bone grafts, and other adjunctive therapies enhances periodontal health. Personalized treatment strategies and advanced microbial analyses are crucial for effective periodontal management and antibiotic resistance control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T12:58:42Z","timestamp":1719925122000},"page":"7217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Therapeutic Strategies and Genetic Implications for Periodontal Disease Management: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7456-9855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Laforgia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio Danilo","family":"Inchingolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-7710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Piras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8701-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Colonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7035-4548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto Vito","family":"Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8682-9736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Carone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0062-6594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biagio","family":"Rapone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9745-7506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Malcangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0104-6337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo Michele","family":"Inchingolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3797-5883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Inchingolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3288-490X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Palermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry, CoMD Birmingham Campus, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5947-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianna","family":"Dipalma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, H.M., Ryu, S., Jo, E., Yoo, S.K., and Kim, Y.W. 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