{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T16:37:19Z","timestamp":1793637439343,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Zagreb","award":["10106-24-1477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10106-24-1477"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00mv6sv71","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) represents a prominent neurodegenerative disorder (NDD), accounting for the majority of dementia cases worldwide. In addition to memory deficits, individuals with AD also experience alterations in the visual system. As the retina is an extension of the central nervous system (CNS), the loss in retinal ganglion cells manifests clinically as decreased visual acuity, narrowed visual field, and reduced contrast sensitivity. Among the extensively studied retinal disorders, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) shares numerous aging processes and risk factors with NDDs such as cognitive impairment that occurs in AD. Histopathological investigations have revealed similarities in pathological deposits found in the retina and brain of patients with AD and AMD. Cellular aging processes demonstrate similar associations with organelles and signaling pathways in retinal and brain tissues. Despite these similarities, there are distinct genetic backgrounds underlying these diseases. This review comprehensively explores the genetic similarities and differences between AMD and AD. The purpose of this review is to discuss the parallels and differences between AMD and AD in terms of pathophysiology, genetics, and epigenetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T12:58:42Z","timestamp":1719925122000},"page":"7271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers Linking Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3983-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snje\u017eana","family":"Ka\u0161telan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Niku\u0161eva-Marti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5741-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Pa\u0161ali\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9613-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonela Gverovi\u0107","family":"Antunica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2221-4635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danijela Mrazovac","family":"Zimak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"469","article-title":"Beyond Vision: A View from Eye to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Dementia","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100899","article-title":"Retinal Changes in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease\u2014Integrated Prospects of Imaging, Functional and Molecular Advances","volume":"82","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160907","article-title":"Recent Progress in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research, Part 3: Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"57","author":"Hane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romaus-Sanjurjo, D., Regueiro, U., L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez, M., V\u00e1zquez-V\u00e1zquez, L., Ouro, A., Lema, I., and Sobrino, T. (2022). Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Seen through the Eye: Ocular Alterations and Neurodegeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052486"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00f3l-Grzyma\u0142a, A., Sienkiewicz-Sz\u0142apka, E., Fiedorowicz, E., Rozmus, D., Cie\u015bli\u0144ska, A., and Grzybowski, A. (2022). Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231710123"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70200-4","article-title":"Neuroimaging Correlates of Pathologically Defined Subtypes of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Case-Control Study","volume":"11","author":"Whitwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230173","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.230173","article-title":"Neuroimaging in Dementia: More than Typical Alzheimer Disease","volume":"308","author":"Haller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00417-w","article-title":"Considerations for Biomarker Strategies in Clinical Trials Investigating Tau-Targeting Therapeutics for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Penny","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aus\u00f3, E., G\u00f3mez-Vicente, V., and Esquiva, G. (2020). Biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Early Diagnosis. J. Pers. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10030114"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ka\u0161telan, S., Bra\u0161, M., Pjeva\u010d, N., Bakija, I., Tomi\u0107, Z., Pjeva\u010d Kelemini\u0107, N., and Gverovi\u0107 Antunica, A. (2023). Tear Biomarkers and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713429"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867327666200831140745","article-title":"Tackling Alzheimer\u2019s Disease with Existing Drugs: A Promising Strategy for Bypassing Obstacles","volume":"28","author":"Rampa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.11.004","article-title":"Towards the Application of Precision Medicine in Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"63","author":"Cascella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strafella, C., Caputo, V., Termine, A., Fabrizio, C., Ruffo, P., Potenza, S., Cusumano, A., Ricci, F., Caltagirone, C., and Giardina, E. (2021). Genetic Determinants Highlight the Existence of Shared Etiopathogenetic Mechanisms Characterizing Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front. Neurol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.626066"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Gong, X., Ma, W., Wen, L., Wang, Y., and Yao, H. (2022). A Study on the Correlation Between Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Based on the Application of Artificial Neural Network. Front. Public. Health, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.925147"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9028-z","article-title":"Ocular Amyloid Imaging at the Crossroad of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy","volume":"266","author":"Ong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-101908","article-title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in the Eye?","volume":"24","author":"Kaarniranta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1406-146","article-title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Alzheimer Disease","volume":"45","author":"Cerman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11900","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503015102","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E Allele-Dependent Pathogenesis: A Model for Age-Related Retinal Degeneration","volume":"102","author":"Malek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.11.005","article-title":"Risk of Subsequent Dementia or Alzheimer Disease Among Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"247","author":"Tsai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11830","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192203399","article-title":"The Alzheimer\u2019s A\u03b2-Peptide Is Deposited at Sites of Complement Activation in Pathologic Deposits Associated with Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"99","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.10.011","article-title":"Characterization of \u03b2 Amyloid Assemblies in Drusen: The Deposits Associated with Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"78","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.9.081307.164350","article-title":"Unraveling a Multifactorial Late-Onset Disease: From Genetic Susceptibility to Disease Mechanisms for Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Swaroop","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102594","article-title":"Cerebral White Matter Connectivity, Cognition, and Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"30","author":"Zhuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stout, J.A., Mahzarnia, A., Dai, R., Anderson, R.J., Cousins, S., Zhuang, J., Lad, E.M., Whitaker, D.B., Madden, D.J., and Potter, G.G. (2024). Accelerated Brain Atrophy, Microstructural Decline and Connectopathy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12010147"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01672-0","article-title":"Is Early Age-Related Maculopathy Related to Cognitive Function? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"134","author":"Klein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1777","article-title":"Comorbidity of Dementia and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Calls for Clinical Awareness: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"103","author":"Rong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.03.010","article-title":"Prevalence and Patterns of Comorbid Cognitive Impairment in Low Vision Rehabilitation for Macular Disease","volume":"50","author":"Whitson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.01.003","article-title":"Morphometric Analyses of the Visual Pathways in Macular Degeneration","volume":"56","author":"Hernowo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-018-1702-5","article-title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration Affects the Optic Radiation White Matter Projecting to Locations of Retinal Damage","volume":"223","author":"Yoshimine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116670","article-title":"Aging and Central Vision Loss: Relationship between the Cortical Macro-Structure and Micro-Structure","volume":"212","author":"Beer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19931","DOI":"10.2196\/19931","article-title":"Effect of Reading Rehabilitation for Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Cognitive Functioning: Protocol for a Nonrandomized Pre-Post Intervention Study","volume":"10","author":"Wittich","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Res. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12227","article-title":"Is Age-related Macular Degeneration a Manifestation of Systemic Disease? New Prospects for Early Intervention and Treatment","volume":"276","author":"Cheung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10827","article-title":"The Aging Eye: Common Degenerative Mechanisms Between the Alzheimer\u2019s Brain and Retinal Disease","volume":"54","author":"Sivak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02024-y","article-title":"Sharing of Genetic Association Signals by Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease at Multiple Levels","volume":"57","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8886-3","article-title":"Beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein (\u0392APP) Processing in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)","volume":"52","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romano, G.L., Platania, C.B.M., Drago, F., Salomone, S., Ragusa, M., Barbagallo, C., Di Pietro, C., Purrello, M., Reibaldi, M., and Avitabile, T. (2017). Retinal and Circulating MiRNAs in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An In Vivo Animal and Human Study. Front. Pharmacol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00168"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.02.004","article-title":"Parallel Findings in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"30","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010105","article-title":"Is Age-Related Maculopathy Associated with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease?: The Rotterdam Study","volume":"150","author":"Klaver","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.04.026","article-title":"Cognitive Impairment in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Geographic Atrophy","volume":"119","author":"Woo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.007","article-title":"A Search for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk Variants in Alzheimer Disease Genes and Pathways","volume":"35","author":"Logue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.033","article-title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Risk of Degenerative Dementia among the Elderly in Taiwan","volume":"122","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.06.2856","article-title":"Associations between Recent and Established Ophthalmic Conditions and Risk of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.11.001","article-title":"Association of Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Alzheimer or Parkinson Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"210","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12313","article-title":"Ophthalmic Conditions Associated with Dementia Risk: The Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"17","author":"Hwang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12473","article-title":"Assessing Bidirectional Associations between Cognitive Impairment and Late Age-related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2","volume":"18","author":"Le","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319508","article-title":"Associations of Ophthalmic and Systemic Conditions with Incident Dementia in the UK Biobank","volume":"107","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000570","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjno-2023-000570","article-title":"Shared Genetic Aetiology of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Age-Related Macular Degeneration by APOC1 and APOE Genes","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Neurol. Open"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, L.-Y., Wan, L., Lai, J.-N., Chen, C.S., Chen, J.J.-Y., Wu, M.-Y., Hu, K.-C., Chiu, L.-T., Tien, P.-T., and Lin, H.-J. (2021). Increased Risk of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease among Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250440"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.5696","article-title":"Associations Between Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Alzheimer Disease, and Dementia","volume":"132","author":"Keenan","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200111","article-title":"Co-Prevalence of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Established by Histopathologic Diagnosis","volume":"76","author":"Schwaber","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210250","article-title":"Visual Impairment, Eye Diseases, and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"83","author":"Littlejohns","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12775","article-title":"Lack of Bidirectional Association between Age-related Macular Degeneration and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chua, J., Zhang, Z., Wong, D., Tan, B., Kulantayan, B., Sng, C.C.A., Hilal, S., Venketasubramanian, N., Tan, B.Y., and Cheung, C.Y. (2022). Age-Related Eye Diseases in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Front. Aging Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.933853"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1541","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15191","article-title":"What Did We Learn in 35\u2009Years of Research on Nutrition and Supplements for Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review","volume":"100","author":"Pameijer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Rong, S.S., Xu, Q., Tang, F.Y., Liu, Y., Gu, H., Tam, P.O.S., Chen, L.J., Brel\u00e9n, M.E., and Pang, C.P. (2014). Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108196"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300193","article-title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Importance of Family History as a Risk Factor","volume":"96","author":"Shahid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3448","article-title":"A Large Genome-Wide Association Study of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Highlights Contributions of Rare and Common Variants","volume":"48","author":"Fritsche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109557","article-title":"Complement Factor H Polymorphism in Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"308","author":"Klein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133807","article-title":"HTRA1 Promoter Polymorphism in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"314","author":"DeWan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2015.0323","article-title":"Inflammatory Cytokines Induce Expression of Chemokines by Human Retinal Cells: Role in Chemokine Receptor Mediated Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"6","author":"Nagineni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, D.H., Connor, K.M., and Lambris, J.D. (2019). The Challenges and Promise of Complement Therapeutics for Ocular Diseases. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01007"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10449","article-title":"Complement Factor H Binds Malondialdehyde Epitopes and Protects from Oxidative Stress","volume":"478","author":"Weismann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R51","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx181","article-title":"From Compliment to Insult: Genetics of the Complement System in Physiology and Disease in the Human Retina","volume":"26","author":"Mullins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, N.K., Gupta, A., Prabhakar, S., Singh, R., Sharma, S.K., Chen, W., and Anand, A. (2013). Association between CFH Y402H Polymorphism and Age Related Macular Degeneration in North Indian Cohort. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070193"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.4102","article-title":"Evaluating the Occurrence of Rare Variants in the Complement Factor H Gene in Patients With Early-Onset Drusen Maculopathy","volume":"139","author":"Heesterbeek","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2021.06.002","article-title":"Common Haplotypes at the CFH Locus and Low-Frequency Variants in CFHR2 and CFHR5 Associate with Systemic FHR Concentrations and Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"108","author":"Willems","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Human. Genet."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr025","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Complement Component 3 and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A HuGE Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"173","author":"Thakkinstian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.02.039","article-title":"Nonsynonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Complement Component 3 Gene Are Associated with Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"561","author":"Yong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12675","article-title":"Risk Factors for Progression of Age-related Macular Degeneration","volume":"40","author":"Heesterbeek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a017202","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017202","article-title":"Highly Penetrant Alleles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Q., Zhu, J., Yao, Y., and Sun, C. (2020). Complement Family Member CFI Polymorphisms and AMD Susceptibility from a Comprehensive Analysis. Biosci. Rep., 40.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20200406"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2640","article-title":"A Functional Variant in the CFI Gene Confers a High Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"45","author":"Nilsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"298","article-title":"Association between Complement Factor I Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Meta-Analysis of Literature","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"385","article-title":"Associationbetween SERPING 1 Rs2511989polymorphism and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1159\/000313989","article-title":"Choroidal Neovascular Membranes Express Toll-Like Receptor 3","volume":"44","author":"Maloney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.10.037","article-title":"The ARMS2 A69S Polymorphism Is Associated with Delayed Rod-Mediated Dark Adaptation in Eyes at Risk for Incident Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"126","author":"Mullins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1159\/000508738","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of the Pharmacogenetics of ARMS2 A69S Polymorphism and the Response to Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Jin, H., Wei, D., and Li, W. (2020). HTRA1 Rs11200638 Variant and AMD Risk from a Comprehensive Analysis about 15,316 Subjects. BMC Med. Genet., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-020-01047-5"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"CR190","article-title":"Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) Gene (Ala-9Val, Ile58Thr) Polymorphism in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)","volume":"16","author":"Kowalski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.8.1099","article-title":"Maculas Affected by Age-Related Macular Degeneration Contain Increased Chelatable Iron in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Bruch\u2019s Membrane","volume":"121","author":"Hahn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-011-0955-3","article-title":"An Association between Polymorphism of the Heme Oxygenase-1 and -2 Genes and Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"39","author":"Synowiec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1121","article-title":"The 2 and 4 Alleles of the Apolipoprotein Gene Are Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"45","author":"Baird","year":"2004","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3211-z","article-title":"ABCA1 Rs1883025 Polymorphism and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"254","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420926","article-title":"Increased Postischemic Brain Injury in Mice Deficient in Uracil-DNA Glycosylase","volume":"113","author":"Endres","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4732","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4842","article-title":"Polymorphisms of the DNA Repair Genes XPD and XRCC1 and the Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"51","author":"Batar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4620","article-title":"Structural Effects of Fibulin 5 Missense Mutations Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cutis Laxa","volume":"51","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm199","article-title":"Formation and Progression of Sub-Retinal Pigment Epithelium Deposits in Efemp1 Mutation Knock-in Mice: A Model for the Early Pathogenic Course of Macular Degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Marmorstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.04.004","article-title":"Genetic Insights into Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Controversies Addressing Risk, Causality, and Therapeutics","volume":"33","author":"Gorin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.09.001","article-title":"Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies","volume":"179","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2022). 2022 Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement., 18, 700\u2013789.","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12638"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, M.V.F., Loures, C.d.M.G., Alves, L.C.V., de Souza, L.C., Borges, K.B.G., and Carvalho, M. (2019). das G. Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Risk Factors and Potentially Protective Measures. J. Biomed. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-019-0524-y"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manzine, P.R., Ettcheto, M., Cano, A., Busquets, O., Marcello, E., Pelucchi, S., Di Luca, M., Endres, K., Olloquequi, J., and Camins, A. (2019). ADAM10 in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Pharmacological Modulation by Natural Compounds and Its Role as a Peripheral Marker. Biomed. Pharmacother., 113.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108661"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2174\/1874205X01812010050","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in the Perspective of Neuroimmunology","volume":"12","author":"Maccioni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Neurol. J."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215311","article-title":"Association of SPI1 Haplotypes with Altered SPI1 Gene Expression and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Risk","volume":"86","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23968","article-title":"Deletion of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease-associated CD33 Results in an Inflammatory Human Microglia Phenotype","volume":"69","author":"Nozaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.05.006","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Risk Genes and Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis","volume":"77","author":"Karch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.02.026","article-title":"GWAS of Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Levels Identifies Risk Variants for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"78","author":"Cruchaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2018.1025","article-title":"The Role of CD2AP in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"10","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170313122937","article-title":"The Infectious Etiology of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"15","author":"Sochocka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20210313","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20210313","article-title":"An APP Ectodomain Mutation Outside of the A\u03b2 Domain Promotes A\u03b2 Production in Vitro and Deposition in Vivo","volume":"218","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12008","article-title":"Interaction between APOE4 and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"16","author":"Linard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2022.109327","article-title":"The Common Genes Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes and Their Implication for Drug Repositioning","volume":"223","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.03.003","article-title":"Alterations in Cholesterol Metabolism as a Risk Factor for Developing Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Potential Novel Targets for Treatment","volume":"190","author":"Goikolea","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20305","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7945","article-title":"ZCWPW1 Is Associated with Late-Onset Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in Han Chinese: A Replication Study and Meta-Analyses","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190634","article-title":"Genome-Wide Methylation of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Mexican Americans Highlights Genes Involved in Synaptic Transport, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease-Precursor Phenotypes, and Metabolic Morbidities","volume":"72","author":"Pathak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221122644","article-title":"The 677C >\u2009T Variant in Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Causes Morphological and Functional Cerebrovascular Deficits in Mice","volume":"42","author":"Reagan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8449","article-title":"DNA Methylation Is Associated with Altered Gene Expression in AMD","volume":"53","author":"Hunter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.09.001","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Its Potential Role in Retinal Degeneration","volume":"27","author":"JARRETT","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.10.013","article-title":"Hypomethylation of the IL17RC Promoter Associates with Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"2","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.11.042","article-title":"Hypomethylation of the IL17RC Promoter in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Is Not A Hallmark of Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Oliver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0089-8","article-title":"Chromatin Accessibility and the Regulatory Epigenome","volume":"20","author":"Klemm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.10.075","article-title":"Hypoxia Induced Expression of Histone Lysine Demethylases: Implications in Oxygen-Dependent Retinal Neovascular Diseases","volume":"415","author":"Ponnaluri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.08.017","article-title":"Sirtuin Regulation in Aging and Injury","volume":"1852","author":"Poulose","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.08.008","article-title":"Delivery of Oct4 and SirT1 with Cationic Polyurethanes-Short Branch PEI to Aged Retinal Pigment Epithelium","volume":"32","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31826af556","article-title":"Expression of SIRT1 in choroidal neovascular membranes","volume":"33","author":"Maloney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shewale, S.J., and Huebinger, R.M. (2012). The Potential Role of Epigenetics in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Etiology. Biol. Syst. Open Access, 2.","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-6577.1000114"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepig.2016.04.002","article-title":"Increased 5-Hydroxymethylation Levels in the Sub Ventricular Zone of the Alzheimer\u2019s Brain","volume":"6","author":"Mastroeni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroepigenetics"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.55","article-title":"Epigenetic Modifications in Frontal Cortex from Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Bipolar Disorder Patients","volume":"2","author":"Rao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.10.173","article-title":"The Epigenetic Effects of Amyloid-\u03921\u201340 on Global DNA and Neprilysin Genes in Murine Cerebral Endothelial Cells","volume":"378","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131061","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 Alters the DNA Methylation Status of Cell-Fate Genes in an Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Model","volume":"38","author":"Taher","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.02.021","article-title":"Consistent Decrease in Global DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation in the Hippocampus of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients","volume":"34","author":"Chouliaras","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-016-0183-0","article-title":"CRTC1 Gene Is Differentially Methylated in the Human Hippocampus in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"8","author":"Mendioroz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2017.11.002","article-title":"Age-Related Epigenetic Changes in Hippocampal Subregions of Four Animal Models of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"86","author":"Lardenoije","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/836450","article-title":"Epigenetic Modifications and Potential New Treatment Targets in Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"2014","author":"Perrone","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07925","article-title":"HDAC2 Negatively Regulates Memory Formation and Synaptic Plasticity","volume":"459","author":"Guan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05564.x","article-title":"Histone Deacetylase 6 Interacts with the Microtubule-associated Protein Tau","volume":"106","author":"Ding","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-008-9050-7","article-title":"Evidence of DNA Damage in Alzheimer Disease: Phosphorylation of Histone H2AX in Astrocytes","volume":"30","author":"Myung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3732-09.2010","article-title":"Histone Methylation Regulates Memory Formation","volume":"30","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2015.1127479","article-title":"Tissue-Specific Patterns of Allelically-Skewed DNA Methylation","volume":"11","author":"Marzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201200010","article-title":"Targeted Proteomics for Quantification of Histone Acetylation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.11.023","article-title":"Increased Acetyl and Total Histone Levels in Post-Mortem Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Brain","volume":"74","author":"Narayan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.04.457","article-title":"P2-146: Epigenetic Changes Related to Beta-amyloid-implications for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"5","author":"Lithner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2010.43.10.649","article-title":"Epigenetic Modification Is Linked to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Is It a Maker or a Marker?","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000437329","article-title":"Epigenetic Modification and Its Role in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"2","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Integr. Med. Int."},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"105","article-title":"Common Micro RNAs (MiRNAs) Target Complement Factor H (CFH) Regulation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) and in Agerelated Macular Degeneration (AMD)","volume":"3","author":"Lukiw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-017-0572-3","article-title":"Up-Regulated Pro-Inflammatory MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)","volume":"38","author":"Pogue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.07.051","article-title":"MicroRNA-9 Couples Brain Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Madelaine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107883","article-title":"MicroRNA Profiling Reveals Important Functions of MiR-125b and Let-7a during Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Differentiation","volume":"190","author":"Shahriari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Disease Burden Projection for 2020 and 2040: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_999_19","article-title":"Use of Ocular Biomarkers as a Potential Tool for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"68","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102192","article-title":"Passive Immunotherapy for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"94","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valiukas, Z., Ephraim, R., Tangalakis, K., Davidson, M., Apostolopoulos, V., and Feehan, J. (2022). Immunotherapies for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease\u2014A Review. Vaccines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091527"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalili, H., Kashkoli, H.H., Weyland, D.E., Pirkalkhoran, S., and Grabowska, W.R. (2023). Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products for Age-Related Macular Degeneration; Scaffold Fabrication and Delivery Methods. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16040620"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/13\/7271\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:09:02Z","timestamp":1760108942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/13\/7271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"references-count":143,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25137271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25137271","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]}}}