{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T07:18:51Z","timestamp":1781248731970,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Program for Top Discipline of Basic Medical Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder associated with shallow invasion of the trophoblast cells and insufficient remodeling of the uterine spiral artery. Protein glycosylation plays an important role in trophoblast cell invasion. However, the glycobiological mechanism of PE has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, employing the Lectin array, we found that soybean agglutinin (SBA), which recognizes the terminal N-acetylgalactosamine \u03b11,3-galactose (GalNAc \u03b11,3 Gal) glycotype, was significantly increased in placental trophoblast cells from PE patients compared with third-trimester pregnant controls. Upregulating the expression of the key enzyme \u03b11,3 N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase (GTA) promoted the biosynthesis of terminal GalNAc \u03b11,3 Gal and inhibited the migration\/invasion of HTR8\/SVneo trophoblast cells. Moreover, the methylation status of GTA promoter in placental tissues from PE patients was lower than that in the third trimester by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) analysis. Elevated GTA expression in combination with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC) treatment increased the glycotype biosynthesis and impaired the invasion potential of trophoblast cells, leading to preeclampsia. This study suggests that elevated terminal GalNAc \u03b11,3 Gal biosynthesis and GTA expression may be applied as the new markers for evaluating placental function and the auxiliary diagnosis of preeclampsia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T12:58:42Z","timestamp":1719925122000},"page":"7287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Alpha 1,3 N-Acetylgalactosaminyl Transferase (GTA) Impairs Invasion Potential of Trophoblast Cells in Preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongpan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaosong","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3476-9187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.102","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia part 1: Current understanding of its pathophysiology","volume":"10","author":"Chaiworapongsa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. 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