{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T18:57:36Z","timestamp":1784401056027,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"DFG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["422174053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["422174053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>GRT-X, which targets both the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) and the Kv7.2\/3 (KCNQ2\/3) potassium channels, has been shown to efficiently promote recovery from cervical spine injury. In the present work, we investigate the role of GRT-X and its two targets in the axonal growth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Neurite outgrowth was quantified in DRG explant cultures prepared from wild-type C57BL6\/J and TSPO-KO mice. TSPO was pharmacologically targeted with the agonist XBD173 and the Kv7 channels with the activator ICA-27243 and the inhibitor XE991. GRT-X efficiently stimulated DRG axonal growth at 4 and 8 days after its single administration. XBD173 also promoted axonal elongation, but only after 8 days and its repeated administration. In contrast, both ICA27243 and XE991 tended to decrease axonal elongation. In dissociated DRG neuron\/Schwann cell co-cultures, GRT-X upregulated the expression of genes associated with axonal growth and myelination. In the TSPO-KO DRG cultures, the stimulatory effect of GRT-X on axonal growth was completely lost. However, GRT-X and XBD173 activated neuronal and Schwann cell gene expression after TSPO knockout, indicating the presence of additional targets warranting further investigation. These findings uncover a key role of the dual mode of action of GRT-X in the axonal elongation of DRG neurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T12:28:48Z","timestamp":1720009728000},"page":"7327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["GRT-X Stimulates Dorsal Root Ganglia Axonal Growth in Culture via TSPO and Kv7.2\/3 Potassium Channel Activation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0102-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"El Chemali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies et Hormones du Syst\u00e8me Nerveux, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzan","family":"Boutary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies et Hormones du Syst\u00e8me Nerveux, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies et Hormones du Syst\u00e8me Nerveux, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4278-8372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo-Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8024-7772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Banati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Bahrenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Preclinical R&D, Gr\u00fcnenthal Innovation, Gr\u00fcnenthal GmbH, Zieglerstra\u00dfe 6, D-52078 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Rupprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies et Hormones du Syst\u00e8me Nerveux, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9636-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliane","family":"Massaad-Massade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies et Hormones du Syst\u00e8me Nerveux, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sulaiman, O.A. 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