{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:35:28Z","timestamp":1790217328134,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MINECOFEDER","award":["BFU2015-70616-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFU2015-70616-R"]}]},{"name":"MINECOFEDER","award":["CCVC8485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCVC8485"]}]},{"name":"Programa Estrategico IBGM, Escalera de Excelencia","award":["BFU2015-70616-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFU2015-70616-R"]}]},{"name":"Programa Estrategico IBGM, Escalera de Excelencia","award":["CCVC8485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCVC8485"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Experimental evidence suggests that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a major hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), boosts carotid body (CB) responsiveness, thereby causing increased sympathetic activity, arterial and pulmonary hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. An enhanced circulatory chemoreflex, oxidative stress, and NO signaling appear to play important roles in these responses to CIH in rodents. Since the guinea pig has a hypofunctional CB (i.e., it is a natural CB knockout), in this study we used it as a model to investigate the CB dependence of the effects of CIH on pulmonary vascular responses, including those mediated by NO, by comparing them with those previously described in the rat. We have analyzed pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) response, endothelial function both in vivo and in vitro, and vascular remodeling (intima\u2013media thickness, collagen fiber content, and vessel lumen area). We demonstrate that 30 days of the exposure of guinea pigs to CIH (FiO2, 5% for 40 s, 30 cycles\/h) induces pulmonary artery remodeling but does not alter endothelial function or the contractile response to phenylephrine (PE) in these arteries. In contrast, CIH exposure increased the systemic arterial pressure and enhanced the contractile response to PE while decreasing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to carbachol in the aorta without causing its remodeling. We conclude that since all of these effects are independent of CB sensitization, there must be other oxygen sensors, beyond the CB, with the capacity to alter the autonomic control of the heart and vascular function and structure in CIH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T14:40:50Z","timestamp":1720449650000},"page":"7484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pulmonary Vascular Responses to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in a Guinea Pig Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5128-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Olea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Facultad de Enfermer\u00eda Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Gen\u00e9tica Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1822-5713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Valverde-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Gen\u00e9tica Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Docio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5281-0211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Prieto-Lloret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Gen\u00e9tica Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1086-1202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip I.","family":"Aaronson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asunci\u00f3n","family":"Rocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Gen\u00e9tica Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: A literature-based analysis","volume":"7","author":"Benjafield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. 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