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The intraluminal filament procedure is one of the most common models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) used in the study of brain ischemia. However, a sham group is usually not included in the experimental design of these studies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relevance of the sham group by analyzing and comparing the brain protein profiles of the sham and MCAO groups. In the sham group, 98 dysregulated proteins were detected, compared to 171 in the ischemic group. Moreover, a comparative study of protein profiles revealed the existence of a pool of 57 proteins that appeared to be dysregulated in both sham and ischemic animals. These results indicated that the surgical procedure required for the intraluminal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) induces changes in brain protein expression that are not associated with ischemic lesions. This study highlights the importance of including sham control groups in the experimental design, to ensure that surgical intervention does not affect the therapeutic target under study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T15:27:20Z","timestamp":1720538840000},"page":"7538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative Brain Proteomic Analysis between Sham and Cerebral Ischemia Experimental Groups"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Candamo-Lourido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Stroke Laboratory Group (TREAT), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, 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