{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:20:07Z","timestamp":1792693207385,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diagnosis of early acute myocardial infarction is of particular importance in forensic practice considering the frequency of sudden cardiac death and the difficulty of positively identifying it through classical histological methods if survival is less than 6 h. This article aims to analyze potential immunohistochemical markers that could be useful in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction within the first 6 h of its onset. We conducted an extensive evaluation of the literature according to the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic literature reviews. We searched the Web of Science and PubMed databases from their inception to 2023 using the following keywords: \u201cmyocardial infarction\u201d and \u201cimmunohistochemistry\u201d. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Immunohistochemical markers as complement factors and CD59, myoglobin, fibrinogen, desmin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1), P-38, JNK (Jun N Terminal Kinase), transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21), cardiac troponins, fibronectin, H-FABP (heart fatty acid binding protein), dityrosine, fibronectin, CD15, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-15, IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1, CD18, and tryptase can be used to identify the first six hours of acute myocardial infarction. These markers are mostly studied in experimental animal models. It is necessary to conduct extensive studies on human myocardial tissue fragments, which will involve the analysis of several immunohistochemical markers and careful analysis of the available data on perimortem events, resuscitation, and postmortem intervals in the context of a uniform laboratory methodology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T08:47:41Z","timestamp":1720774061000},"page":"7625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Postmortem Immunohistochemical Findings in Early Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9370-6982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana-Maria","family":"Isail\u0103","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201dCarol Davila\u201d Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Institute of Legal Medicine \u201cMina Minovici\u201d, 042122 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana Mihaela","family":"Ion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201dCarol Davila\u201d Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Institute of Legal Medicine \u201cMina Minovici\u201d, 042122 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Luta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Legal Medicine \u201cMina Minovici\u201d, 042122 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca","family":"Catinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Legal Medicine \u201cMina Minovici\u201d, 042122 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ionita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Legal Medicine \u201cMina Minovici\u201d, 042122 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Haisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Legal Medicine \u201cMina Minovici\u201d, 042122 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4130-9402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorin","family":"Hostiuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201dCarol Davila\u201d Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Institute of Legal Medicine \u201cMina Minovici\u201d, 042122 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00875-9","article-title":"The Lancet Commission to reduce the global burden of sudden cardiac death: A call for multidisciplinary action","volume":"402","author":"Marijon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, G.B.F., Avezum, A., and Roever, L. 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