{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:15:25Z","timestamp":1760145325327,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital","award":["BRD-112007","NSTC 112-2314-B-758-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRD-112007","NSTC 112-2314-B-758-002"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan, ROC","award":["BRD-112007","NSTC 112-2314-B-758-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRD-112007","NSTC 112-2314-B-758-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The individual ingredients of 1,3-Propanediol, Soline, and Fucocert\u00ae (PSF) are often used as cosmetic formulations in skin care. In addition, the mixture of Lecigel, Cetiol\u00aeCC, Activonol-6, and Activonol-M (LCAA) is often used as a cosmetic base. However, whether the combination of LCAA with PSF (LCAA-PSF) exerts a therapeutic effect on psoriasis remains unclear. In this study, mice induced with imiquimod (IMQ) were divided into three groups and administered 100 mg\/day of LCAA, 100 mg\/day of LCAA-PSF, or Vaseline on the dorsal skin of each mouse. Weight-matched mice treated with Vaseline alone were used as controls. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were used to assess tissue morphology and inflammatory cytokines. RNA sequencing analysis was used to predict the mechanism underlying the action of LCAA-PSF against psoriasis, while immunohistochemical analysis validation was used to identify pertinent molecular pathways. The results demonstrated that LCAA-PSF alleviated IMQ-induced keratinocyte differentiation\/ proliferation bydecreasingthe serum levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, IL-23, and IL-17A and the epidermisof TGF\u03b2, Ki67, CK5\/6, and VEGF expression, which is associated with angiogenesis and keratinocyte differentiation\/ proliferation. These findings highlight the antipsoriatic activity of LCAA-PSF in a psoriasis-like mouse model and suggest this may occurvia the inhibition of inflammatory factor secretionand the TGF\u03b2-related signal pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T18:17:32Z","timestamp":1721067452000},"page":"7720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Therapeutic Effect of Lecigel, Cetiol\u00aeCC, Activonol-6, Activonol-M, 1,3-Propanediol, Soline, and Fucocert\u00ae (LCAA-PSF) Treatment on Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7304-4036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Ching","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, No. 6, Lugong Rd. Lugang Township, Changhua 505029, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4664-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Chien","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4210-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Yi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, No. 6, Lugong Rd. Lugang Township, Changhua 505029, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0431-1282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meei-Ling","family":"Sheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40210, Taiwan"},{"name":"Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ching","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunomedicine Group, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505029, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Yun","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Animal Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505029, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao-Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Animal Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505029, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren-Jang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8511-380X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"De-Wei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40210, Taiwan"},{"name":"Experimental Animal Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505029, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung 907101, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1590","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1590","article-title":"National, regional, and worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis: Systematic analysis and modelling study","volume":"369","author":"Parisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2015.07.013","article-title":"Etiology and Pathogenesis of Psoriasis","volume":"41","author":"Boehncke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.09.002","article-title":"Long-term safety results from a phase 3 open-label study of a fixed combination halobetasol propionate 0.01% and tazarotene 0.045% lotion in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis","volume":"80","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2174\/1574886315666200128095958","article-title":"Treatment of Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review of Entire Therapies","volume":"15","author":"Bakshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2005.01329.x","article-title":"How patients experience psoriasis: Results from a European survey","volume":"19","author":"Fouere","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-021-01071-9","article-title":"Lipid-based emulsion drug delivery systems\u2014A comprehensive review","volume":"12","author":"Dhaval","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mussi, L., Baby, A.R., Camargo Junior, F.B., Padovani, G., Sufi, B.D.S., and Magalhaes, W.V. (2021). Propanediol (and) Caprylic Acid (and) Xylitol as a New Single Topical Active Ingredient against Acne: In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy Assays. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216704"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12911","article-title":"Effects of 1,3-propanediol associated, or not, with butylene glycol and\/or glycerol on skin hydration and skin barrier function","volume":"46","author":"Pinto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, T.K., Zhong, L., and Santiago, J.L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010070"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.01.068","article-title":"Phytosterols as a natural anticancer agent: Current status and future perspective","volume":"88","author":"Shahzad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(02)00196-8","article-title":"Regulation of elastase-type endopeptidase activity, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and activation in human dermal fibroblasts by fucose and a fucose-rich polysaccharide","volume":"56","author":"Isnard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casado-Diaz, A., Moreno-Rojas, J.M., Verdu-Soriano, J., Lazaro-Martinez, J.L., Rodriguez-Manas, L., Tunez, I., La Torre, M., Berenguer Perez, M., Priego-Capote, F., and Pereira-Caro, G. (2022). Evaluation of Antioxidant and Wound-Healing Properties of EHO-85, a Novel Multifunctional Amorphous Hydrogel Containing Olea europaea Leaf Extract. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14020349"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamata, M., and Tada, Y. (2022). Dendritic Cells and Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.941071"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"73","article-title":"Updated Perspectives on Keratinocytes and Psoriasis: Keratinocytes are More Than Innocent Bystanders","volume":"12","author":"Choudhary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psoriasis"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2174\/2589977513666210707114520","article-title":"IL-23\/Th17 Axis: A Potential Therapeutic Target of Psoriasis","volume":"14","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200304000-00004","article-title":"Imiquimod","volume":"16","author":"Garland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02980.x","article-title":"Generalized psoriasis induced by topical treatment of actinic keratosis with imiquimod","volume":"45","author":"Fanti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.12.1490","article-title":"Psoriasis triggered by toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod in the presence of dermal plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors","volume":"140","author":"Gilliet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11124","article-title":"Update on the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis (Review)","volume":"23","author":"Branisteanu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.59","article-title":"The IL-23\/Th17 axis in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis","volume":"129","author":"Nestle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04523-3","article-title":"Advances in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: From keratinocyte perspective","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, T., Li, S., Ying, S., Tang, S., Ding, Y., Li, Y., Qiao, J., and Fang, H. (2020). The IL-23\/IL-17 Pathway in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: From Bench to Bedside. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.594735"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-007-0075-1","article-title":"Pathophysiology of psoriasis: Recent advances on IL-23 and Th17 cytokines","volume":"9","author":"Fitch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13162","article-title":"Regulation of barrier immunity and homeostasis by integrin-mediated transforming growth factor beta activation","volume":"160","author":"McEntee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2015.02.012","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in healthy human fetal skin: A descriptive study","volume":"78","author":"Walraven","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.252","article-title":"A role for TGFbeta signaling in the pathogenesis of psoriasis","volume":"130","author":"Han","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04654.x","article-title":"Psoriasis: A defect in the regulation of epidermal proteases, as shown by serial biopsies after cantharidin application","volume":"110","author":"Dubertret","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, N., Matthew, M.A., and Yao, C. (2023). Roles of Cysteine Proteases in Biology and Pathogenesis of Parasites. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061397"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, H., Jmel, M.A., Chai, J., Tian, M., Xu, X., Hui, Y., Nandakumar, K.S., and Kotsyfakis, M. (2024). Tick cysteine protease inhibitors suppress immune responses in mannan-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1344878"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jabeen, M., Boisgard, A.S., Danoy, A., El Kholti, N., Salvi, J.P., Boulieu, R., Fromy, B., Verrier, B., and Lamrayah, M. (2020). Advanced Characterization of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12090789"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08394.x","article-title":"The immunology of psoriasis","volume":"126","author":"Baker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39903-x","article-title":"Methodological refinement of Aldara-induced psoriasiform dermatitis model in mice","volume":"9","author":"Horvath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kocsis, D., Horvath, S., Kemeny, A., Varga-Medveczky, Z., Pongor, C., Molnar, R., Mihaly, A., Farkas, D., Naszlady, B.M., and Fulop, A. (2022). Drug Delivery through the Psoriatic Epidermal Barrier\u2014A \u201cSkin-On-A-Chip\u201d Permeability Study and Ex Vivo Optical Imaging. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084237"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ku, L.C., Sheu, M.L., Cheng, H.H., Lee, C.Y., Tsai, Y.C., Tsai, C.Y., Lin, K.H., Lai, L.C., and Lai, D.W. (2023). Melatonin protects retinal integrity through mediated immune homeostasis in the sodium iodate-induced mouse model of age-related macular degeneration. Biomed. Pharmacother., 161.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114476"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13600","article-title":"AHR\/TET2\/NT5E axis downregulation is associated with the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus and its progression","volume":"168","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, K.Y., Tsai, W.C., Chiang, C.Y., Sheu, M.L., Huang, C.Y., Tsai, Y.C., Tsai, C.Y., Lu, C.J., Ho, Z.P., and Lai, D.W. (2022). Ameliorative Potential of Hot Compress on Sciatic Nerve Pain in Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Rat Model. Front. Synaptic. Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2022.859278"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/14\/7720\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:16:49Z","timestamp":1760109409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/14\/7720"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25147720"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25147720","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1422-0067"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]]}}}