{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:28:49Z","timestamp":1787981329936,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NINDS","award":["R01NS113969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS113969"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NINDS","award":["RF1NS125578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1NS125578"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NINDS","award":["BG003848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG003848"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NINDS\/NIA","award":["R01NS113969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS113969"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NINDS\/NIA","award":["RF1NS125578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1NS125578"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NINDS\/NIA","award":["BG003848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG003848"]}]},{"name":"University of Miami","award":["R01NS113969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS113969"]}]},{"name":"University of Miami","award":["RF1NS125578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1NS125578"]}]},{"name":"University of Miami","award":["BG003848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG003848"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dementia is a group of symptoms including memory loss, language difficulties, and other types of cognitive and functional impairments that affects 57 million people worldwide, with the incidence expected to double by 2040. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop reliable biomarkers to diagnose early brain impairments so that emerging interventions can be applied before brain degeneration. Here, we performed biomarker analyses for apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and amyloid-\u03b2 42\/40 (A\u03b242\/40) ratio in the plasma of older adults. Participants had blood drawn at baseline and underwent two annual clinical and cognitive evaluations. The groups tested either cognitively normal on both evaluations (NN), cognitively normal year 1 but cognitively impaired year 2 (NI), or cognitively impaired on both evaluations (II). ASC was elevated in the plasma of the NI group compared to the NN and II groups. Additionally, A\u03b242 was increased in the plasma in the NI and II groups compared to the NN group. Importantly, the area under the curve (AUC) for ASC in participants older than 70 years old in NN vs. NI groups was 0.81, indicating that ASC is a promising plasma biomarker for early detection of cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T09:46:57Z","timestamp":1721123217000},"page":"7758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Inflammasome Adaptor Protein ASC in Plasma as a Biomarker of Early Cognitive Changes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2924-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brianna","family":"Cyr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosie","family":"Curiel Cid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Loewenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2664-8265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina T.","family":"Vontell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Dalton","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4068-9511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert W.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5460-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"de Rivero Vaccari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators (2022). 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