{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:50:01Z","timestamp":1790272201303,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Czech Science Foundation","award":["20-30500S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-30500S"]}]},{"name":"Czech Science Foundation","award":["23-08039S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-08039S"]}]},{"name":"Czech Science Foundation","award":["LX22NPO5103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LX22NPO5103"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology","award":["20-30500S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-30500S"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology","award":["23-08039S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-08039S"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology","award":["LX22NPO5103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LX22NPO5103"]}]},{"name":"European Union-Next Generation EU","award":["20-30500S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-30500S"]}]},{"name":"European Union-Next Generation EU","award":["23-08039S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-08039S"]}]},{"name":"European Union-Next Generation EU","award":["LX22NPO5103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LX22NPO5103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) targets the central nervous system (CNS), leading to potentially severe neurological complications. The neurovascular unit plays a fundamental role in the CNS and in the neuroinvasion of TBEV. However, the role of human brain pericytes, a key component of the neurovascular unit, during TBEV infection has not yet been elucidated. In this study, TBEV infection of the primary human brain perivascular pericytes was investigated with highly virulent Hypr strain and mildly virulent Neudoerfl strain. We used Luminex assay to measure cytokines\/chemokines and growth factors. Both viral strains showed comparable replication kinetics, peaking at 3 days post infection (dpi). Intracellular viral RNA copies peaked at 6 dpi for Hypr and 3 dpi for Neudoerfl cultures. According to immunofluorescence staining, only small proportion of pericytes were infected (3% for Hypr and 2% for Neudoerfl), and no cytopathic effect was observed in the infected cells. In cell culture supernatants, IL-6 production was detected at 3 dpi, together with slight increases in IL-15 and IL-4, but IP-10, RANTES and MCP-1 were the main chemokines released after TBEV infection. These chemokines play key roles in both immune defense and immunopathology during TBE. This study suggests that pericytes are an important source of these signaling molecules during TBEV infection in the brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T09:14:53Z","timestamp":1721380493000},"page":"7892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Robust CXCL10\/IP-10 and CCL5\/RANTES Production Induced by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Human Brain Pericytes Despite Weak Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1660-1372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Pran\u010dlov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0469-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e1clav","family":"H\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Zemanov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4655-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"R\u016f\u017eek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4279-7092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Palus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i5.430","article-title":"Tick-Borne Encephalitis: A Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Management","volume":"3","author":"Bogovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. 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