{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:04:26Z","timestamp":1787317466751,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00e9mico (DGAPA)-Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica (PAPIIT)","award":["#IN206819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#IN206819"]}]},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00e9mico (DGAPA)-Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica (PAPIIT)","award":["FORDECYT-PRONACES\/64392\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FORDECYT-PRONACES\/64392\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00e9mico (DGAPA)-Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica (PAPIIT)","award":["846231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["846231"]}]},{"name":"del Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONAHCyT)","award":["#IN206819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#IN206819"]}]},{"name":"del Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONAHCyT)","award":["FORDECYT-PRONACES\/64392\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FORDECYT-PRONACES\/64392\/2020"]}]},{"name":"del Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONAHCyT)","award":["846231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["846231"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sexual dimorphism among mammals includes variations in the pain threshold. These differences are influenced by hormonal fluctuations in females during the estrous and menstrual cycles of rodents and humans, respectively. These physiological conditions display various phases, including proestrus and diestrus in rodents and follicular and luteal phases in humans, distinctly characterized by varying estrogen levels. In this study, we evaluated the capsaicin responses in male and female mice at different estrous cycle phases, using two murine acute pain models. Our findings indicate that the capsaicin-induced pain threshold was lower in the proestrus phase than in the other three phases in both pain assays. We also found that male mice exhibited a higher pain threshold than females in the proestrus phase, although it was similar to females in the other cycle phases. We also assessed the mRNA and protein levels of TRPV1 in the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia of mice. Our results showed higher TRPV1 protein levels during proestrus compared to diestrus and male mice. Unexpectedly, we observed that the diestrus phase was associated with higher TRPV1 mRNA levels than those in both proestrus and male mice. These results underscore the hormonal influence on TRPV1 expression regulation and highlight the role of sex steroids in capsaicin-induced pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T15:47:32Z","timestamp":1721836052000},"page":"8040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Influence of Sex Steroid Hormone Fluctuations on Capsaicin-Induced Pain and TRPV1 Expression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Edgardo","family":"Mota-Carrillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1399-8036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General \u201cDr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n sobre el Envejecimiento, CINVESTAV, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14390, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8522-190X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enoch","family":"Luis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Investigador por M\u00e9xico\u2014Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopat\u00edas, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0492-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Luz","family":"Morales-L\u00e1zaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n sobre el Envejecimiento, CINVESTAV, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14390, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.01.037","article-title":"Nociception","volume":"27","author":"Tracey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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