{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:01:59Z","timestamp":1783112519823,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study investigates the antibiotic resistance (AR) profiles and genetic determinants in three strains of guaiacol-producing Alicyclobacillus spp. isolated from orchard soil and pears. Their phenotypic characteristics, such as spore formation; resistance to different factors, including drugs or disinfectants; or production of off-flavor compounds, can affect the taste and aroma of spoiled products. Food and beverages are potential vectors for the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes, which is a growing health concern; thus, microorganisms in food and beverages should not be a potential source of drug resistance to consumers. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was utilized to identify antibiotic resistance genes, metabolic pathways, and elements associated with guaiacol and halophenol production. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing revealed that all strains were susceptible to eight out of nine tested antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin) but exhibited high resistance to erythromycin. Analysis indicated that the erythromycin resistance gene, ribosomal RNA small subunit methyltransferase A (RsmA), was intrinsic and likely acquired through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The comprehensive genomic analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Alicyclobacillus spp., highlighting the potential risk of these bacteria as vectors for antibiotic resistance genes in the food chain. This study expands the understanding of the genetic makeup of these spoilage bacteria and their role in antimicrobial resistance dissemination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T06:17:44Z","timestamp":1721974664000},"page":"8144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploration of Alicyclobacillus spp. Genome in Search of Antibiotic Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8082-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Bucka-Kolendo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4575-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Despoina Eugenia","family":"Kiousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Dekowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Miko\u0142ajczuk-Szczyrba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1759-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios Marinos","family":"Karadedos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9991-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Galanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6217-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Soko\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dekowska, A., Niezgoda, J., and Soko\u0142owska, B.S. 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