{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T02:08:33Z","timestamp":1780106913291,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]],"date-time":"2024-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONAHCyT), M\u00e9xico","award":["254492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["254492"]}]},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONAHCyT), M\u00e9xico","award":["20195200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20195200"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","award":["254492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["254492"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","award":["20195200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20195200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A T-cell-independent (TI) pathway activated by microbiota results in the generation of low-affinity homeostatic IgA with a critical role in intestinal homeostasis. Moderate aerobic exercise (MAE) provides a beneficial impact on intestinal immunity, but the action of MAE on TI-IgA generation under senescence conditions is unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of long-term MAE on TI-IgA production in young (3 month old) BALB\/c mice exercised until adulthood (6 months) or aging (24 months). Lamina propria (LP) from the small intestine was obtained to determine B cell and plasma cell sub-populations by flow cytometry and molecular factors related to class switch recombination [Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP), A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL), B Cell Activating Factor (BAFF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and retinal dehydrogenase (RDH)] and the synthesis of IgA [\u03b1-chain, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-21, and Growth Factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2)]; and epithelial cells evaluated IgA transitosis [polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), IL-4] by the RT-qPCR technique. The results were compared with data obtained from sedentary age-matched mice. Statistical analysis was computed with ANOVA, and p &lt; 0.05 was considered to be a statistically significant difference. Under senescence conditions, MAE promoted the B cell and IgA+ B cells and APRIL, which may improve the intestinal response and ameliorate the inflammatory environment associated presumably with the downmodulation of pro-inflammatory mediators involved in the upmodulation of pIgR expression. Data suggested that MAE improved IgA and downmodulate the cytokine pro-inflammatory expression favoring homeostatic conditions in aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T09:37:25Z","timestamp":1722332245000},"page":"8200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Moderate Aerobic Exercise Induces Homeostatic IgA Generation in Senile Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Angel J.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Urb\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Citometr\u00eda de Flujo, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0040-0958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-Elisa","family":"Drago-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1415-5524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo A.","family":"Res\u00e9ndiz-Albor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunidad de Mucosas, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5060-5882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Sierra-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Mej\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rigoberto","family":"Oros-Pantoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroinmunoendocrinolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Toluca 50180, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3317-7980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marycarmen","family":"God\u00ednez-Victoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Citometr\u00eda de Flujo, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1877","article-title":"The function of immunoglobulin A in immunity","volume":"208","author":"Woof","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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