{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T05:01:03Z","timestamp":1772600463386,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22363005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22363005"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22173080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22173080"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["21873082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21873082"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61762048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61762048"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["GJJ2200416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2200416"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["22363005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22363005"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["22173080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22173080"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["21873082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21873082"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["61762048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61762048"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["GJJ2200416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2200416"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, the conformational behaviors of ring polyelectrolyte in tetravalent salt solutions are discussed in detail through molecular dynamics simulation. For simplification, here we have neglected the effect of the twisting interaction, although it has been well known that both bending and twisting interactions play a deterministic in the steric conformation of a semiflexible ring polymer. The salt concentration CS and the bending energy b take a decisive role in the conformation of the ring polyelectrolyte (PE). Throughout our calculations, the b varies from b = 0 (freely joint chain) to b = 120. The salt concentration CS changes in the range of 3.56 \u00d7 10\u22124 M \u2264 CS \u2264 2.49 \u00d7 10\u22121 M. Upon the addition of salt, ring PE contracts at first, subsequently re-expands. More abundant conformations are observed for a semiflexible ring PE. For b = 10, the conformation of semiflexible ring PE shifts from the loop to two-racquet-head spindle, then it condenses into toroid, finally arranges into coil with the increase of CS. As b increases further, four phase transitions are observed. The latter two phase transitions are different. The semiflexible ring PE experiences transformation from toroid to two racquet head spindle, finally to loop in the latter two phase transitions. Its conformation is determined by the competition among the bending energy, cation-bridge, and entropy. Combined, our findings indicate that the conformations of semiflexible ring PE can be controlled by changing the salt concentration and chain stiffness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T17:08:34Z","timestamp":1722359314000},"page":"8268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Conformational Transition of Semiflexible Ring Polyelectrolyte in Tetravalent Salt Solutions: A Simple Numerical Modeling without the Effect of Twisting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aihua","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Data Sience, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuxia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peihua","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Information and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nianqian","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianfei","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1039\/c2sm27002a","article-title":"Protein\u2013polyelectrolyte interactions","volume":"9","author":"Kayitmazer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.89.248102","article-title":"Stretching Single Stranded DNA, a Model Polyelectrolyte","volume":"89","author":"Dessinges","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. 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