{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:03:36Z","timestamp":1792807416478,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008385","name":"Fondazione Ricerca Fibrosi Cistica Onlus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FFC#5\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFC#5\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to developing life-threatening lung infections with a variety of pathogens that are difficult to eradicate, such as Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), Hemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. These infections still remain an important issue, despite the therapy for CF having considerably improved in recent years. Moreover, prolonged exposure to antibiotics in combination favors the development and spread of multi-resistant bacteria; thus, the development of alternative strategies is crucial to counter antimicrobial resistance. In this context, phage therapy, i.e., the use of phages, viruses that specifically infect bacteria, has become a promising strategy. In this review, we aim to address the current status of phage therapy in the management of multidrug-resistant infections, from compassionate use cases to ongoing clinical trials, as well as the challenges this approach presents in the particular context of CF patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T17:08:34Z","timestamp":1722359314000},"page":"8321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Phage Therapy: An Alternative Approach to Combating Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections in Cystic Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7074-0328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Cocorullo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d, University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5219-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Stelitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d, University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent Robert","family":"Chiarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d, University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24530","article-title":"Mucus, mucins, and cystic fibrosis","volume":"54","author":"Morrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Q., Ilanga, M., Simbassa, S.B., Chirra, B., Shah, K.N., and Cannon, C.L. (2023). Synergistic antimicrobial effects of ibuprofen combined with standard-of-care antibiotics against cystic fibrosis pathogens. 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