{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:44:30Z","timestamp":1789101870188,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple drug resistance (MDR) has gained pronounced attention among Enterobacterales. The transfer of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, frequently carried on conjugative incompatibility F (IncF) plasmids and facilitating interspecies resistance transmission, has been linked to Salmonella spp. and E. coli in broilers. In Egypt, the growing resistance is exacerbated by the limited clinical efficacy of many antimicrobials. In this study, IncF groups were screened and characterized in drug-resistant Salmonella spp. and E. coli isolated from broilers. The antimicrobial resistance profile, PCR-based replicon typing of bacterial isolates pre- and post-plasmid curing, and IncF replicon allele sequence typing were investigated. Five isolates of E. coli (5\/31; 16.13%) and Salmonella spp. (5\/36; 13.89%) were pan-susceptible to the examined antimicrobial agents, and 85.07% of tested isolates were MDR and extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Twelve MDR and XDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates were examined for the existence of IncF replicons (FII, FIA, and FIB). They shared resistance to ampicillin, ampicillin\/sulbactam, amoxicillin\/clavulanate, doxycycline, cefotaxime, and colistin. All isolates carried from one to two IncF replicons. The FII-FIA-FIB+ and FII-FIA+FIB- were the predominant replicon patterns. FIB was the most frequently detected replicon after plasmid curing. Three XDR E. coli isolates that were resistant to 12\u201314 antimicrobials carried a newly FIB replicon allele with four nucleotide substitutions: C99\u2192A, G112\u2192T, C113\u2192T, and G114\u2192A. These findings suggest that broilers are a significant reservoir of IncF replicons with highly divergent IncF-FIB plasmid incompatibility groups circulating among XDR Enterobacterales. Supporting these data with additional comprehensive epidemiological studies involving replicons other than the IncF can provide insights for implementing efficient policies to prevent the spreading of new replicons to humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T08:02:27Z","timestamp":1722412947000},"page":"8347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Newly Incompatibility F Replicon Allele (FIB81) in Extensively Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Diseased Broilers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Ammar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8309-9058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norhan K.","family":"Abd El-Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed G.","family":"Aggour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Research Institute, Doki, Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel A. M.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Abdelkhalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety, Hygiene and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr 11829, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2907-4233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Muselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Smuleac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Development and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9335-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Pascalau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201c King Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma A.","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig 44516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2006.09.002","article-title":"Identification and molecular characterization of Salmonella spp. from unpasteurized orange juices and identification of new serotype Salmonella strain S. enterica serovar Tempe","volume":"24","author":"Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Wang, H., Li, T., Liu, F., Cheng, Y., Guo, X., Wen, G., Luo, Q., Shao, H., and Pan, Z. 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