{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:10:34Z","timestamp":1788405034094,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HORIZON EUROPE SEEDS\u2014UNIBA","award":["S28 (Sos&Bio_for_One Health)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S28 (Sos&Bio_for_One Health)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, liposomes loaded with the fungicide, Fludioxonil (FLUD), for the containment of fungal diseases in agriculture were developed. Three types of vesicles with different compositions were compared: (I) plain vesicles, composed of soy phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol; (II) PEG-coated vesicles, with an additional polyethylene glycol coating; and (III) cationic vesicles, containing didodecyldimethylammonium bromide. Nanometric-sized vesicles were obtained both by the micelle-to-vesicle transition method and by the extrusion technique, and encapsulation efficiency, drug loading content, and Zeta potential were determined for all the samples. The extruded and PEGylated liposomes were the most stable over time and together with the cationic ones showed a significant prolonged FLUD release capacity. The liposomes\u2019 biological activity was evaluated on conidial germination, germ tube elongation and colony radial growth of the ascomycete Botrytis cinerea, a phytopathogenic fungus affecting worldwide many important agricultural crops in the field as well as in the postharvest phase. The extruded and PEGylated liposomes showed greater effectiveness in inhibiting germ tube elongation and colony radial growth of the fungal pathogen, even at 0.01 \u00b5g\u00b7mL\u22121, the lowest concentration assessed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T08:02:27Z","timestamp":1722412947000},"page":"8359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Fungicide-Loaded Liposomes for the Treatment of Fungal Diseases in Agriculture: An Assessment of Botrytis cinerea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9916-0391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Agnusdei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165\/A, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9124-0007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Maurelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6520-2311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donato","family":"Gerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165\/A, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donato","family":"Monopoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8806-1905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Pollastro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165\/A, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2206-9247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Catucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1063-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Faretra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165\/A, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-1899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"De Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08539","article-title":"Application of nanotechnology in agriculture, postharvest loss reduction and food processing: Food security implication and challenges","volume":"7","author":"Neme","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasad, R., Bhattacharyya, A., and Nguyen, Q.D. 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