{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:02:22Z","timestamp":1791644542838,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/27\/B\/NZ5\/02393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/27\/B\/NZ5\/02393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ageing populations, mass \u201cbaby-free\u201d policies and children born to mothers at the age at which they are biologically expected to become grandmothers are growing problems in most developed societies. Therefore, any opportunity to improve the quality of infertility treatments seems important for the survival of societies. The possibility of indirectly studying the quality of developing oocytes by examining their follicular fluids (hFFs) offers new opportunities for progress in our understanding the processes of final oocyte maturation and, consequently, for predicting the quality of the resulting embryos and personalising their culture. Using mass spectrometry, we studied follicular fluids collected individually during in vitro fertilisation and compared their composition with the quality of the resulting embryos. We analysed 110 follicular fluids from 50 oocyte donors, from which we obtained 44 high-quality, 39 medium-quality, and 27 low-quality embryos. We identified 2182 proteins by Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS) using a TripleTOF 5600+ hybrid mass spectrometer, of which 484 were suitable for quantification. We were able to identify several proteins whose concentrations varied between the follicular fluids of different oocytes from the same patient and between patients. Among them, the most important appear to be immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 (IgA1hc) and dickkopf-related protein 3. The first one is found at higher concentrations in hFFs from which oocytes develop into poor-quality embryos, the other one exhibits the opposite pattern. None of these have, so far, had any specific links to fertility disorders. In light of these findings, these proteins should be considered a primary target for research aimed at developing a diagnostic tool for oocyte quality control and pre-fertilisation screening. This is particularly important in cases where the fertilisation of each egg is not an option for ethical or other reasons, or in countries where it is prohibited by law.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T18:04:59Z","timestamp":1722535499000},"page":"8431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Follicular Fluid Proteomic Analysis to Identify Predictive Markers of Normal Embryonic Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4265-7353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Przewocki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"},{"name":"iYoni App\u2014For Fertility Treatment, LifeBite, 10-763 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2321-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Kossi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iYoni App\u2014For Fertility Treatment, LifeBite, 10-763 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5522-3282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"\u0141ukaszuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6094-2273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Jakiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invicta Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland"},{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1270-3438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Woc\u0142awek-Potocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4583-3941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"O\u0142dziej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG & MUG, University of Gda\u0144sk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5996-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"\u0141ukaszuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iYoni App\u2014For Fertility Treatment, LifeBite, 10-763 Olsztyn, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-210 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-195710000-00039","article-title":"Reproductive span and rate of reproduction among Hutterite women","volume":"12","author":"Tietze","year":"1957","journal-title":"Obstet. 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