{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:20:32Z","timestamp":1792804832743,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"College of Human Sciences of Texas Tech University, the National Institutes of Health","award":["1R15AT010395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R15AT010395"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"College of Human Sciences of Texas Tech University, the National Institutes of Health","award":["R15AT008733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15AT008733"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health National Center for Complementary &amp; Integrative Health","award":["1R15AT010395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R15AT010395"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00190t495","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health National Center for Complementary &amp; Integrative Health","award":["R15AT008733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15AT008733"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00190t495","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects over a third of the US population and 25% globally, with current treatments proving ineffective. This study investigates whether manipulating brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat activity by housing C57BL\/6J mice at thermoneutral (27 \u00b0C) or standard temperatures (22 \u00b0C) impacts NAFLD development. Male mice were fed either a chow diet (CHD) or a \u201cfast food\u201d diet (FFD) for 10 weeks. Mice at 27 \u00b0C had reduced food intake but increased body weight and plasma leptin levels. FFD-fed mice at 27 \u00b0C had greater liver weight (2.6 vs. 1.8 g), triglyceride content (7.6 vs. 3.9 mg\/g), and hepatic steatosis compared to those at 22 \u00b0C. Gene expression of fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, and fatty acid translocase CD36 was elevated in FFD-fed mice at 27 \u00b0C, but not in CHD-fed mice. Thermoneutral housing also reduced expression of thermogenic markers in BAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) and caused BAT whitening. In conclusion, thermoneutrality inhibits thermogenic markers and exacerbates NAFLD. Activating BAT or promoting WAT browning via cold exposure or other stimuli may offer a strategy for managing NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T15:45:22Z","timestamp":1722872722000},"page":"8482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Thermoneutrality Inhibits Thermogenic Markers and Exacerbates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"},{"name":"Department of Allied and Public Health, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indian, PA 15705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5943-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Shahjalal Hossain","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiao","family":"Zu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8078-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"},{"name":"College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012615-044224","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and Disease Spectrum","volume":"11","author":"Hardy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. 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