{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:39:24Z","timestamp":1792201164646,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"CISILab Project (University of Naples Federico II)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNRR-MAD-2022-12376769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR-MAD-2022-12376769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"TIMING Project","award":["PNRR-MAD-2022-12376769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR-MAD-2022-12376769"]}]},{"name":"Campania Bioscience (Regione Campania)","award":["PNRR-MAD-2022-12376769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR-MAD-2022-12376769"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The innate immune system, composed of neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells (MCs), and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), is the first line of defense. Growing evidence demonstrates the crucial role of innate immunity in tumor initiation and progression. Several studies support the idea that innate immunity, through the release of pro- and\/or anti-inflammatory cytokines and tumor growth factors, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM). Cutaneous melanoma is the most common skin cancer, with an incidence that rapidly increased in recent decades. Melanoma is a highly immunogenic tumor, due to its high mutational burden. The metastatic form retains a high mortality. The advent of immunotherapy revolutionized the therapeutic approach to this tumor and significantly ameliorated the patients\u2019 clinical outcome. In this review, we will recapitulate the multiple roles of innate immune cells in melanoma and the related implications for immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T18:21:40Z","timestamp":1722882100000},"page":"8523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Innate Immune Cells in Melanoma: Implications for Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Marialuisa","family":"Trocchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annagioia","family":"Ventrici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Modestino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7835-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Cristinziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1839-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Lise","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6145-7475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Palestra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-1898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Loffredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1352-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariaelena","family":"Capone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy, and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione \u201cG. Pascale\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9395-3190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Madonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy, and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione \u201cG. Pascale\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4822-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilena","family":"Romanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy, and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione \u201cG. Pascale\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8322-475X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo Antonio","family":"Ascierto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy, and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione \u201cG. Pascale\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8086-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Galdiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230023","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760230023","article-title":"A short history of innate immunity","volume":"118","author":"Martins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mem. Do Inst. 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