{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:12:24Z","timestamp":1787166744618,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT (MIST), Republic of Korea","award":["2020R1A2C2012721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C2012721"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT (MIST), Republic of Korea","award":["2019R1A6C1010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A6C1010003"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea","award":["2020R1A2C2012721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C2012721"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea","award":["2019R1A6C1010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A6C1010003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a persistent inflammatory intestinal disease that consistently affects the colon and rectum. Its exact cause remains unknown. UC causes a considerable challenge in healthcare, prompting research for novel therapeutic strategies. Although probiotics have gained popularity as possible candidates for managing UC, studies are still ongoing to identify the best probiotics or probiotic mixtures for clinical applications. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a multi-strain probiotic mixture in mitigating intestinal inflammation in a colitis mouse model induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Specifically, a multi-strain probiotic mixture consisting of Tetragenococcus halophilus and Eubacterium rectale was used to study its impact on colitis symptoms. Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using ELISA and flow cytometry. The configuration of gut microbial communities was determined using 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis. According to this study, colitis mice treated with the probiotic mixture experienced reduced weight loss and significantly less colonic shortening compared to untreated mice. Additionally, the treated mice exhibited increased levels of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and interleukin 10, along with decreased expression of dendritic cell activation markers, such as CD40+, CD80+, and CD83+, in peripheral blood leukocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the frequencies of CD8+N.K1.1+ cells and CD11b+Ly6G+ cells. In terms of the gut microbiota, probiotic-mixture treatment of colitis mice significantly increased the abundance of the phyla Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia (p &lt; 0.05). These results provide valuable insights into the therapeutic promise of multi-strain probiotics, shedding light on their potential to alleviate colitis symptoms. This research contributes to the ongoing exploration of effective probiotic interventions for managing inflammatory bowel disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T11:54:19Z","timestamp":1722945259000},"page":"8571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immunomodulatory Effects of a Probiotic Mixture: Alleviating Colitis in a Mouse Model through Modulation of Cell Activation Markers and the Gut Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0349-9815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye-Myung","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0617-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. M. Shamsul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-1324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bushra","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan M.","family":"Sayeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bunsoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonghyang","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.1038\/540S97a","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"540","author":"Hodson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chierici, M., Puica, N., Pozzi, M., Capistrano, A., Donzella, M.D., Colangelo, A., Osmani, V., and Jurman, G. 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