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Tight junctions (TJs) play a major role in intestinal homeostasis. The alteration of this homeostasis is related to RA. Furthermore, RA patients present dysbiosis and a lower microbiota diversity compared to healthy individuals. A cross-sectional study including RA patients and sex- and age-matched healthy controls was performed. The quantification of TJ proteins was carried out by ELISA. Gut microbiota was evaluated by NGS platform Ion Torrent S. The inflammatory variables included were DAS28, CRP, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1, TNF-\u03b1) and oxidised LDL. Claudin-1 levels showed significant differences between groups. Results evidenced a correlation between claudin-1 values and age (r: \u22120.293; p &lt; 0.05), IL6 (r: \u22120.290; p &lt; 0.05) and CRP (r: \u22120.327; p &lt; 0.05), and between zonulin values and both age (r: 0.267; p &lt; 0.05) and TNF\u03b1 (r: 0.266; p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, claudin-1 and CRP levels are related in RA patients (\u03b2: \u22120.619; p: 0.045), and in patients with high inflammatory activity, the abundance of the genus Veillonella is positively associated with claudin-1 levels (\u03b2: 39.000; p: 0.004).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T15:04:24Z","timestamp":1723129464000},"page":"8649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Intestinal Dysbiosis, Tight Junction Proteins, and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7431-7225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkaitz","family":"Mucientes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"UGC de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9125-2208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Lisbona-Monta\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"UGC de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Dermatolog\u00eda, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6173-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Mena-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"UGC de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ruiz-Lim\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2284-7846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Manrique-Arija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"UGC de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Dermatolog\u00eda, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimara","family":"Garc\u00eda-Studer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"UGC de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Dermatolog\u00eda, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Ortiz-M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"UGC de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Dermatolog\u00eda, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2962-9844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Nebro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"UGC de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Dermatolog\u00eda, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"388","author":"Smolen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mucientes, A., Lisbona, J.M., Mena-V\u00e1zquez, N., Ruiz-Lim\u00f3n, P., Manrique-Arija, S., and Fern\u00e1ndez-Nebro, A. 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