{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:07:44Z","timestamp":1789585664141,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112-2314-B-182A-137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2314-B-182A-137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3L1661-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3L1661-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3M1631-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3M1631-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112-2314-B-182A-137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2314-B-182A-137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3L1661-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3L1661-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3M1631-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3M1631-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Xanthoxylin, a bioactive phenolic compound extracted from the traditional herbal medicine Penthorum Chinense Pursh, is renowned for its anti-inflammatory effects. While previous studies have highlighted the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Xanthoxylin, its precise mechanisms, particularly concerning immune response and organ protection, remain underexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of Xanthoxylin on inflammation and associated signaling pathways in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). ALI was induced via intratracheal administration of LPS, followed by intraperitoneal injections of Xanthoxylin at doses of 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg\/kg, administered 30 min post-LPS exposure. Lung tissues were harvested for analysis 6 h after LPS challenge. Xanthoxylin treatment significantly mitigated lung tissue damage, pathological alterations, immune cell infiltration, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Additionally, Xanthoxylin modulated the expression of key proteins in the protein kinase B (Akt)\/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1\u03b1)\/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) signaling pathway, as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and oxidative markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the context of LPS-induced injury. This study demonstrates that Xanthoxylin exerts protective and anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating and inhibiting the Akt\/HIF-1\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB pathways, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of ALI or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T03:46:36Z","timestamp":1723607196000},"page":"8742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Xanthoxylin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury through Modulation of Akt\/HIF-1\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB and Nrf2 Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1712-4053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu-Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Han","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Acupuncture and Traumatology, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6068-6487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Chih","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2793-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung-Chen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.10.006","article-title":"Biomarkers in acute lung injury","volume":"209","author":"Mokra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir. 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