{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T10:55:12Z","timestamp":1777114512013,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Medical University of Warsaw"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ganciclovir (GCV) and its prodrug valganciclovir (VGCV) are antiviral medications primarily used to treat infections caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), particularly in immunocompromised individuals such as solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Therapy with GCV is associated with significant side effects, including bone marrow suppression. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is mandatory for an appropriate balance between subtherapeutic and toxic drug levels. This study aimed to develop and validate three novel methods based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) for GCV determination in serum (reference methodology), dried serum spots (DSS), and VAMS-Mitra\u2122 devices. The methods were optimized and validated in the 0.1\u201325 mg\/L calibration range. The obtained results fulfilled the EMA acceptance criteria for bioanalytical method validation. Assessment of DSS and VAMS techniques extended GCV stability to serum for up to a minimum of 49 days (at room temperature, with desiccant). Developed methods were effectively evaluated using 80 clinical serum samples from pediatric renal transplant recipients. Obtained samples were used for DSS, and dried serum VAMS samples were manually generated in the laboratory. The results of GCV determination using serum-, DSS- and VAMS-LC-MS\/MS methods were compared using regression analysis and bias evaluation. The conducted statistical analysis confirmed the interchangeability between developed assays. The DSS and VAMS samples are more accessible and stable during storage, transport and shipment than classic serum samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T05:23:27Z","timestamp":1723613007000},"page":"8760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessment of Dried Serum Spots (DSS) and Volumetric-Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Techniques in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of (Val)Ganciclovir\u2014Comparative Study in Analytical and Clinical Practice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4833-8532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Kocur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Czajkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Moczulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Association \u201cDrug\u201d in Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Kot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Association \u201cDrug\u201d in Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Rubik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-4312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Pawi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000925","article-title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Ganciclovir: Where Are We","volume":"44","author":"Edwina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. 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