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The economic impact of the virus is considerable, causing significant losses to the pig industry. The development of an efficacious subunit vaccine to provide promising protection against TGEV is of the utmost importance. The viral antigen, spike glycoprotein (S), is widely regarded as one of the most effective antigenic components for vaccine research. In this study, we employed immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics approaches to develop an \u2018ideal\u2019 multi-epitope vaccine. Firstly, the dominant, non-toxic, highly antigenic T (Th, CTL) and B cell epitopes predicted from the TGEV S protein were artificially engineered in tandem to design candidate subunit vaccines. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation results demonstrate that it exhibits robust interactions with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Of particular significance was the finding that the vaccine was capable of triggering an immune response in mammals, as evidenced by the immune simulation results. The humoral aspect is typified by elevated levels of IgG and IgM, whereas the cellular immune aspect is capable of eliciting the robust production of interleukins and cytokines (IFN-\u03b3 and IL-2). Furthermore, the adoption of E. coli expression systems for the preparation of vaccines will also result in cost savings. This study offers logical guidelines for the development of a secure and efficacious subunit vaccine against TGEV, in addition to providing a novel theoretical foundation and strategy to prevent associated CoV infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T05:23:27Z","timestamp":1723613007000},"page":"8828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Designing a Candidate Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Based on Immunoinformatic and Molecular Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yihan","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naidong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2502-1011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0118-9","article-title":"Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses","volume":"17","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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