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Therapeutic interventions based on reducing ocular hypertension are not always successful. Emerging features of glaucoma include mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. In the current study, NDI1-based gene therapy, which improves mitochondrial function and reduces reactive oxygen species, was delivered intraocularly via an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV). This AAV-NDI1 therapy protected RGCs from cell death in treated (1552.4 \u00b1 994.0 RGCs\/mm2) versus control eyes (1184.4 \u00b1 978.4 RGCs\/mm2, p &lt; 0.05) in aged DBA\/2J mice, a murine model of glaucoma. The photonegative responses (PhNRs) of RGCs were also improved in treated (6.4 \u00b1 3.3 \u00b5V) versus control eyes (5.0 \u00b1 3.1 \u00b5V, p &lt; 0.05) in these mice. AAV-NDI1 also provided benefits in glaucomatous human lamina cribrosa (LC) cells by significantly increasing basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates and ATP production in these cells. Similarly, NDI1 therapy significantly protected H2O2-insulted primary porcine LC cells from oxidative stress. This study highlights the potential utility of NDI1 therapies and the benefits of improving mitochondrial function in the treatment of glaucoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T05:47:11Z","timestamp":1723700831000},"page":"8876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["AAV-NDI1 Therapy Provides Significant Benefit to Murine and Cellular Models of Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7470-0702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Millington-Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3517-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arpad","family":"Palfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciara","family":"Shortall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3395-1211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura K.","family":"Finnegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Bargroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9513-0673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris J. M.","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Foundation, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin 2, D02XK51 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustapha","family":"Irnaten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, D07K201 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colm","family":"O\u2032Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, D07K201 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul F.","family":"Kenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"The Research Foundation, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin 2, D02XK51 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1684-1598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"Chadderton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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