{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T11:55:50Z","timestamp":1777982150679,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cIuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine And Pharmacy\u201d, 2nd Dept. of Molecular Sciences, Cluj-Napoca, Romania","award":["2461\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2461\/13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency and type 2 diabetes mellitus are risk factors for colorectal cancer, suggesting a role for vitamin D receptor (VDR) and insulin receptor (INSR) gene polymorphisms. We investigated the prevalence of the VDR-BsmI (rs1544410) and NsiI A\/G-INSR (rs2059806) polymorphisms and their associations with colorectal adenoma (CRA) in a Romanian population. A case\u2013control study was conducted with 110 participants (67 with CRA and 43 controls) who underwent colonoscopy. Polymerase chain reaction\u2013restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine the genotype and allele frequencies of the two polymorphisms. Regarding rs1544410 and CRA patients, genotype distribution was 35% B\/B, 47% B\/b, and 19% b\/b. In the controls, the distribution was 21% B\/B, 45% B\/b, and 34% b\/b. For rs2059806, 12% of CRA patients had A\/A, 30% A\/G, and 58% G\/G, while 8% of the controls had A\/A, 40% A\/G, and 52% G\/G. The recessive model showed an odds ratio of 2.84 (95% CI: 1.04\u20137.72, p = 0.033) for the b\/b genotype. CRA patients with b\/b or G\/G genotypes were diagnosed at a younger age. The b allele of the rs1544410 was a risk factor for CRA. Patients with the b\/b and G\/G genotypes were diagnosed earlier.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T07:37:21Z","timestamp":1724053041000},"page":"8965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Role of Vitamin D Receptor (BsmI-VDR) and Insulin Receptor (NsiI-A\/G) Gene Polymorphisms in Colorectal Adenoma Susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Ciulei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga Hilda","family":"Or\u0103\u0219an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Cozma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasile","family":"Negrean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Para","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Cium\u0103rnean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicoleta","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4920-4760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana Liana","family":"Lucaciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu-Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0944-3161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Corina","family":"Hangan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu-Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia Maria","family":"Procopciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2021.101174","article-title":"Global colorectal cancer burden in 2020 and projections to 2040","volume":"14","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2024, March 11). National Report on the Health Status of the Population\u20132020\u2013National Institute of Public Health, Available online: https:\/\/insp.gov.ro\/2021\/12\/29\/raportul-national-al-starii-de-sanatate-a-populatiei-2020\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34521","article-title":"Serum vitamin D concentration, vitamin D-related polymorphisms, and colorectal cancer risk","volume":"153","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.06.029","article-title":"Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: An Age-Stratified Analysis","volume":"165","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.15430\/JCP.2022.27.3.147","article-title":"Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer: Current Perspectives and Future Directions","volume":"27","author":"Na","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sassi, F., Tamone, C., and D\u2019Amelio, P. (2018). Vitamin D: Nutrient, Hormone, and Immunomodulator. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111656"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctarc.2022.100616","article-title":"Vitamin D and colorectal cancer\u2013A practical review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Peixoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Messaritakis, I., Koulouridi, A., Sfakianaki, M., Vogiatzoglou, K., Gouvas, N., Athanasakis, E., and Souglakos, J. (2020). The Role of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Colorectal Cancer Risk. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061379"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32575","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032575","article-title":"Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility: A systematic meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasprzak, A. (2021). Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Signaling in Glucose Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126434"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747326","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1747326","article-title":"Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"2022","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2685-3","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of colorectal adenoma: A meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irgam, K., Reddy, B.S., Hari, S.G., Banapuram, S., and Reddy, B.M. (2021). The genetic susceptibility profile of type 2 diabetes and reflection of its possible role related to reproductive dysfunctions in the southern Indian population of Hyderabad. BMC Med. Genom., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-021-01129-0"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.01.001","article-title":"The INSR rs2059806 single nucleotide polymorphism, a genetic risk factor for vascular and metabolic disease, associates with pre-eclampsia","volume":"34","author":"Andraweera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. BioMed. Online"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i14.1672","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Bai","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13068","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23964","article-title":"Associations between VDR gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer susceptibility: An updated meta-analysis based on 39 case-control studies","volume":"9","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Ghafari, A.B., Balamash, K.S., and Al Doghaither, H.A. (2019). Relationship between Serum Vitamin D and Calcium Levels and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Colorectal Cancer. Biomed. Res. Int., 2019.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8571541"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2011.5.5.464","article-title":"Circulating levels of vitamin D, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and colorectal adenoma: A meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2016.1142584","article-title":"Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms Relate to Risk of Adenomatous Polyps in a Sex-Specific Manner","volume":"68","author":"Beckett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"e27589","article-title":"Colon Cancer and Obesity: A Narrative Review","volume":"14","author":"Duraiyarasan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-07-0107","article-title":"Insulin pathway related genes and risk of colorectal cancer: INSR promoter polymorphism shows a protective effect","volume":"14","author":"Pechlivanis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argano, C., Mirarchi, L., Amodeo, S., Orlando, V., Torres, A., and Corrao, S. (2023). The Role of Vitamin D and Its Molecular Bases in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease: State of the Art. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202309.0595.v1"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.52787\/agl.v53i1.292","article-title":"Adenoma Detection Rate at Different Age Intervals Suggests Starting Colorectal Cancer Screening at 45 Years of Age","volume":"53","author":"Cassella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol. Latinoam."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2020.03.001","article-title":"Colorectal Cancer in Persons Under Age 50: Seeking Causes and Solutions","volume":"30","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0367","article-title":"Incidence of Colorectal Adenomas: Birth Cohort Analysis among 4.3 Million Participants of Screening Colonoscopy","volume":"23","author":"Brenner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3452-4","article-title":"Colorectal cancer screening and prevention in women","volume":"60","author":"Chacko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000234","article-title":"Obesity and incidence of colorectal polyps: A case-controlled study","volume":"85","author":"Salimian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pkab098","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkab098","article-title":"Weight Change and Incident Distal Colorectal Adenoma Risk in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial","volume":"6","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.06.004","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors of colorectal polyps","volume":"31","author":"Helsingen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"109","article-title":"An Association Study between INSR\/NsiI (rs2059806) and INSR\/PmlI (rs1799817) SNPs in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from West Azerbaijan Province, Iran","volume":"16","author":"Bagheri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Infertil."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3934\/genet.2016.3.167","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in Sudanese children with type 1 diabetes","volume":"3","author":"Khalid","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIMS Genet."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"(2024, March 11). SNPStats: Your Web Tool for SNP Analysis. Available online: https:\/\/www.snpstats.net\/start.htm."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.036699","article-title":"Quantitative trait Loci analysis using the false discovery rate","volume":"171","author":"Benjamini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genetics"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/16\/8965\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:38:14Z","timestamp":1760110694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/16\/8965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25168965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25168965","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]]}}}