{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:49:06Z","timestamp":1787028546092,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["HD 042280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD 042280"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["HD 083273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD 083273"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["HD 099090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD 099090"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["F32 HD104478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32 HD104478"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["T32 HD087166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HD087166"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health &amp; Human Development of the National Institutes of Health","award":["HD 042280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD 042280"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health &amp; Human Development of the National Institutes of Health","award":["HD 083273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD 083273"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health &amp; Human Development of the National Institutes of Health","award":["HD 099090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD 099090"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health &amp; Human Development of the National Institutes of Health","award":["F32 HD104478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32 HD104478"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health &amp; Human Development of the National Institutes of Health","award":["T32 HD087166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HD087166"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis is one of the most common causes of chronic pelvic pain and infertility that affects 10% of women of reproductive age. It is currently defined as the presence of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells at ectopic sites; however, advances in endometriosis research have some authors believing that endometriosis should be re-defined as \u201ca fibrotic condition in which endometrial stroma and epithelium can be identified\u201d. microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory molecules that potentially play a role in endometriotic lesion development. There is evidence that suggests that miRNAs, including microRNA-21 (miR-21), participate in fibrotic processes in different organs, including the heart, kidney, liver and lungs. The objective of this study was to understand the role of miR-21 and the mechanisms that can contribute to the development of fibrosis by determining how IL-6 regulates miR-21 expression and how this miRNA regulates the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-\u03b2) signaling pathway to promote fibrosis. We investigated the expression of miR-21 in the baboon and mouse model of endometriosis and its correlation with fibrosis. We demonstrated that inflammation and fibrosis are present at a very early stage of endometriosis and that the inflammatory environment in the peritoneal cavity, which includes interleukin 6 (IL-6), can regulate the expression of miR-21 in vitro and in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T10:11:28Z","timestamp":1724062288000},"page":"8994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Regulation of MicroRNA-21 by Interleukin-6 and Its Role in the Development of Fibrosis in Endometriotic Lesions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9070-7135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Ariadna","family":"Ochoa Bernal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2334-6819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niraj","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0021-4319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory W.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel N.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1405-4645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Vegter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Hrbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2150-0122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo F.","family":"Sempere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Health Program and Department of Radiology Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asgerally T.","family":"Fazleabas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17403-5","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"364","author":"Giudice","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1000274","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"362","author":"Giudice","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. 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