{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T02:13:30Z","timestamp":1781230410973,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education","award":["501-1-18-09-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["501-1-18-09-10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the chondrogenic potential of chondrocyte transplants cultured in vitro on polyethersulfone (PES) membranes. Forty-eight rabbits (96 knee joints) were used in the project. The synthetic, macro-porous PES membranes were used as scaffolds. Fragments of articular cartilage were harvested from non-weight-bearing areas of the joints of the animals. Chondrocytes were isolated and then cultivated on PES scaffolds for 3 weeks. The animals were divided into four groups. All the lesions in the articular cartilage were full thickness defects. In Group I, autogenic chondrocytes on PES membranes were transplanted into the defect area; in Group II, allogenic chondrocytes on PES membranes were transplanted into the defect area; in Group III, pure PES membranes were transplanted into the defect area; and in Group IV, lesions were left untreated. Half of the animals from each group were terminated after 8 weeks, and the remaining half were terminated 12 weeks postoperatively. The samples underwent macroscopic evaluation using the Brittberg scale and microscopic evaluation using the O\u2019Driscoll scale. The best regeneration was observed in Groups II and I. In Group I, the results were achieved with two surgeries, while in Group II, only one operation was needed. This indicates that allogenic chondrocytes do not require two surgeries, highlighting the importance of further in vivo studies to better understand this advantage. The success of the study and the desired properties of PES scaffolds are attributed mainly to the presence of sulfonic groups in the structure of the material. These groups, similar to chondroitin sulfate, which naturally occurs in hyaline cartilage, likely enable mutual affinity between the scaffold and cells and promote scaffold colonization by the cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25169075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T05:16:24Z","timestamp":1724649384000},"page":"9075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparative Study of Autogenic and Allogenic Chondrocyte Transplants on Polyethersulfone Scaffolds for Cartilage Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Jakutowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Children\u2019s Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8925-292X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Wasy\u0142eczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Na\u0142\u0119cz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1045-085X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"P\u0142o\u0144czak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Gruca Teaching Hospital, 05-400 Otwock, Poland"},{"name":"Mazovia Regional Hospital in Siedlce, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cezary","family":"Wojciechowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Na\u0142\u0119cz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Chwojnowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Na\u0142\u0119cz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Czubak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Gruca Teaching Hospital, 05-400 Otwock, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738109350438","article-title":"The basic science of articular cartilage: Structure, composition, and function","volume":"1","author":"Bedi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v37.i1-2.10","article-title":"The role of tissue engineering in articular cartilage repair and regeneration","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit. 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