{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:21:20Z","timestamp":1760145680821,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan","award":["20K05725","24K08614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K05725","24K08614"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fish retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can regenerate after optic nerve lesions (ONLs). We previously reported that heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and Yamanaka factors increased in the zebrafish retina 0.5\u201324 h after ONLs, and they led to cell survival and the transformation of neuro-stem cells. We also showed that retinoic acid (RA) signaling and transglutaminase 2 (TG2) were activated in the fish retina, performing neurite outgrowth 5\u201330 days after ONLs. In this study, we found that RA signaling and TG2 increased within 0.5 h in the zebrafish retina after ONLs. We examined their interaction with the TG2-specific morpholino and inhibitor due to the significantly close initiation time of TG2 and HSF1. The inhibition of TG2 led to the complete suppression of HSF1 expression. Furthermore, the results of a ChIP assay with an anti-TG2 antibody evidenced significant anti-TG2 immunoprecipitation of HSF1 genome DNA after ONLs. The inhibition of TG2 also suppressed Yamanaka factors\u2019 gene expression. This rapid increase in TG2 expression occurred 30 min after the ONLs, and RA signaling occurred 15 min before this change. The present study demonstrates that TG2 regulates Yamanaka factors via HSF1 signals in the acute phase of fish optic nerve regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25169078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T05:16:24Z","timestamp":1724649384000},"page":"9078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transglutaminase 2 Regulates HSF1 Gene Expression in the Acute Phase of Fish Optic Nerve Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7424-7685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayo","family":"Sugitani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Mokuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Kanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yurina","family":"Takaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8777-329X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Koriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(63)90093-1","article-title":"Preferential selection of central pathways by regenerating optic fibers","volume":"7","author":"Attardi","year":"1963","journal-title":"Exp. 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