{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:44:41Z","timestamp":1788385481927,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland","award":["180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["180"]}]},{"name":"WIM-PIB Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, Poland","award":["180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["180"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1): Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris are chronic, inflammatory diseases. Clinical presentation usually leads to a proper diagnosis, but sometimes neither clinical examination nor histopathological evaluation can be conclusive. Therefore, we aimed to build up a novel diagnostic tool and check it for accuracy. The main objective of our work was to differentiate between healthy skin (C), atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis vulgaris (PV) biopsies on the base of involucrin (IVL) and human \u03b2-defensin-2 (hBD-2) concentrations and their mRNA, as well as mRNA for TPP2 and PSMB8. (2): ELISA for IVL and hBD-2 proteins and Real-time PCR for the relative expression of mRNA for: IVL (IVL mRNA), hBD-2 (hBD-2 mRNA), PSMB8 (PSMB8 mRNA) and TPP2 (TPP2 mRNA), isolated from skin biopsies taken from AD and PV patients and healthy volunteers were performed. (3): hBD-2 mRNA and PSMB8 mRNA correlated with some parameters of clinical assessment of inflammatory disease severity. hBD-2 mRNA expression, exclusively, was sufficient to distinguish inflammatory skin biopsies from the healthy ones. (4): hBD-2 mRNA and PSMB8 mRNA analysis were the most valuable parameters in differentiating AD and PV biopsies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T05:16:24Z","timestamp":1724649384000},"page":"9192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Human Beta Defensin-2 mRNA and Proteasome Subunit \u03b2 Type 8 mRNA Analysis, Useful in Differentiating Skin Biopsies from Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis Vulgaris Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Terlikowska-Brz\u00f3sko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryszard","family":"Galus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0643-8893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Murawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information and Communication Technology Department, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Niderla-Bieli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-6415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"M\u0142ynarczuk-Bia\u0142y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elwira","family":"Paluchowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Witold","family":"Owczarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2018.05.007","article-title":"Epidemiology of adult atopic dermatitis","volume":"36","author":"Sacotte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0138","article-title":"Atopic Dermatitis in Adults: A Diagnostic Challenge","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00149-X","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis","volume":"387","author":"Weidinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-6053(97)80004-X","article-title":"Psoriasis and eczema","volume":"4","author":"McMenamin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Diagn. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-017-1065-z","article-title":"\u201cInflammatory skin march\u201d in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis","volume":"66","author":"Furue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)02539-8","article-title":"Consensus conference on pediatric atopic dermatitis","volume":"49","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.10.010","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: Section 1. Diagnosis and assessment of atopic dermatitis","volume":"70","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555924447","article-title":"Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis","volume":"92","author":"HanifIn","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.434","article-title":"Psoriasis epidemiology: The interplay of genes and the environment","volume":"133","author":"Enamandram","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13854","article-title":"A systematic review of worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis","volume":"31","author":"Michalek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.339","article-title":"Global epidemiology of psoriasis: A systematic review of incidence and prevalence","volume":"133","author":"Parisi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1590","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1590","article-title":"National, regional, and worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis: Systematic analysis and modelling study","volume":"369","author":"Parisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61909-7","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"386","author":"Boehncke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.09.021","article-title":"Psoriasis: The epidermal component","volume":"25","author":"Tschachler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01767.x","article-title":"Psoriasis under the microscope","volume":"20","author":"Cribier","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"s225","article-title":"Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis treatment","volume":"22","author":"Menter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Manag. Care"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"S14","article-title":"The skin in psoriasis: Assessment and challenges","volume":"33","author":"Oji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Docampo-Simon, A., Belinchon, I., Sanchez-Pujol, M.J., Berbegal, L., Miralles, J., Lucas, A., Quecedo, E., Fuertes, A., Mateu-Puchades, A., and Betlloch, I. (2024). Psoriasis dermatitis, a common phenotype of early forms of both psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in children: A prospective multicenter study. Int. J. Dermatol.","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17100"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"143","article-title":"The role of the pathological examination in the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"2","author":"Owczarek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lek. Woj."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chularojanamontri, L., Charoenpipatsin, N., Silpa-Archa, N., Wongpraparut, C., and Thongboonkerd, V. (2019). Proteomics in psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051141"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1159\/000533981","article-title":"Proteins in the skin and blood in patients with psoriasis: A systematic review of proteomic studies","volume":"240","author":"Kromann","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.12.002","article-title":"Ubiquitination-proteasome system: A new player in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and clinical implications","volume":"89","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Kim, E.-K., Chey, Y., Song, M.-J., and Jang, H.H. (2023). Targeted protein degradation: Principles and applications of the proteasome. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12141846"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Eklund, S. (2011). Interpreting a Giant: Studies of Structure and Function of Tripeptidyl-Peptidase II. [Ph.D. Thesis, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis]."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2011.07.002","article-title":"Structure and function of tripeptidyl peptidase II, a giant cytosolic protease","volume":"1824","author":"Rockel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4412","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1701367114","article-title":"In situ structural studies of tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPPII) reveal spatial association with proteasomes","volume":"114","author":"Fukuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basler, M., and Groettrup, M. (2021). On the Role of the Immunoproteasome in Protein Homeostasis. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113216"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rana, P.S., Ignatz-Hoover, J.J., and Driscoll, J.J. (2023). Targeting Proteasomes and the MHC Class I Antigen Presentation Machinery to Treat Cancer, Infections and Age-Related Diseases. J. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15235632"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10447.x","article-title":"Proteolytic activity and expression of the 20S proteasome are increased in psoriasis lesional skin","volume":"165","author":"Henry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2019.05.012","article-title":"Tripeptidyl-peptidase II: Update on an oldie that still counts","volume":"166","author":"Tomkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(04)00074-3","article-title":"A major role for TPPII in trimming proteasomal degradation products for MHC class I antigen presentation","volume":"20","author":"Reits","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1090","article-title":"Generation of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens: Functional interplay between proteasomes and TPPII","volume":"5","author":"Kloetzel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.13942","article-title":"Immune deficiency, autoimmune disease and intellectual disability: A pleiotropic disorder caused by biallelic variants in the TPP2 gene","volume":"99","author":"Atallah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Genet."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07999.x","article-title":"On the role of the epidermal differentiation complex in ichthyosis vulgaris, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis","volume":"157","author":"Hoffjan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1119","article-title":"Epidermal barrier in hereditary ichthyoses, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis","volume":"13","author":"Schmuth","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, A.Y. (2020). Molecular Mechanism of Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction as Primary Abnormalities. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041194"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-012-9499-y","article-title":"Regulation of Involucrin in Psoriatic Epidermal Keratinocytes: The Roles of ERK1\/2 and GSK-3\u03b2","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12843","article-title":"The role of human \u03b2-defensins in allergic diseases","volume":"46","author":"Niyonsaba","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/43088","article-title":"A peptide antibiotic from human skin","volume":"387","author":"Harder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718725","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/718725","article-title":"Keratinocytes under Fire of Proinflammatory Cytokines: Bona Fide Innate Immune Cells Involved in the Physiopathology of Chronic Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis","volume":"2012","author":"Bernard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.12.1124","article-title":"Nonlesional atopic dermatitis skin is characterized by broad terminal differentiation defects and variable immune abnormalities","volume":"127","author":"Tintle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2007.11.006","article-title":"Loricrin and involucrin expression is down-regulated by Th2 cytokines through STAT-6","volume":"126","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13013","article-title":"Current insights into the role of human \u03b2-defensins in atopic dermatitis","volume":"190","author":"Chieosilapatham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12419","article-title":"Human \u03b2-defensin-2 as a marker for disease severity and skin barrier properties in atopic dermatitis","volume":"169","author":"Clausen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Fang, Y., Fan, R.A., and Kirk, C.J. (2021). Proteasome Inhibitors and Their Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111595"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/ni905","article-title":"An essential role for tripeptidyl peptidase in the generation of an MHC class I epitope","volume":"4","author":"Seifert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.01.008","article-title":"Clinical phenotypes and endophenotypes of atopic dermatitis: Where are we, and where should we go?","volume":"139","author":"Bieber","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.08.022","article-title":"Increasing Comorbidities Suggest that Atopic Dermatitis Is a Systemic Disorder","volume":"137","author":"Brunner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08307.x","article-title":"Explaining phenotype heterogeneity in patients with psoriasis","volume":"158","author":"Christophers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13085","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidity and associated risk factors in adults with atopic dermatitis","volume":"72","author":"Egeberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.06.021","article-title":"Ten-year mortality is increased after hospitalization for atopic dermatitis compared with the general population, but reduced compared with psoriasis","volume":"76","author":"Egeberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20406223211002979","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223211002979","article-title":"Nomenclature and clinical phenotypes of atopic dermatitis","volume":"12","author":"Girolomoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"542","article-title":"The coexistence of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in a 12 months-old girl","volume":"19","author":"Kamer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pol. Merkur. Lek. Organ. Pol. Tow. Lek."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9554.1000386","article-title":"A Case of Atopic Dermatitis Co-existing with Psoriasis Vulgaris","volume":"8","author":"Sugiura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.7241\/ourd.20154.118","article-title":"Coexistence of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis","volume":"6","author":"Paluchowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Our Dermatol. Online"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"648","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of blocking IL-4\/13 and IL-23 in concomitant atopic dermatitis and psoriasis\u2014Two case reports","volume":"21","author":"Gerger","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13336","article-title":"Systemic immune mechanisms in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis with implications for treatment","volume":"27","author":"Krueger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14673","article-title":"Immune response patterns in non-communicable inflammatory skin diseases","volume":"32","author":"Eyerich","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15921","article-title":"Development of a clinical algorithm to predict phenotypic switches between atopic dermatitis and psoriasis (the \u201cFlip-Flop\u201d phenomenon)","volume":"79","author":"Muller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e338","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.338","article-title":"A case of dupilumab-induced psoriasis-like eruption treated with baricitinib","volume":"4","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ski. Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32844","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032844","article-title":"Treatment of paradoxical eczematous eruption in psoriasis treated with secukinumab: A case report","volume":"102","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2016.08.008","article-title":"Current and Future Biomarkers in Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"37","author":"Thijs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.062","article-title":"Confirmation of multiple endotypes in atopic dermatitis based on serum biomarkers","volume":"147","author":"Bakker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23935.x","article-title":"High expression levels of keratinocyte antimicrobial proteins in psoriasis compared with atopic dermatitis","volume":"125","author":"Zeeuwen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021481","article-title":"Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis","volume":"347","author":"Ong","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.031","article-title":"Broad defects in epidermal cornification in atopic dermatitis identified through genomic analysis","volume":"124","author":"Chiricozzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaczmarska, A., Kwiatkowska, D., Skrzypek, K.K., Kowalewski, Z.T., Jaworecka, K., and Reich, A. (2023). Pathomechanism of Pruritus in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Novel Approaches, Similarities and Differences. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914734"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(03)00122-X","article-title":"AAF-cmk sensitizes tumor cells to trail-mediated apoptosis","volume":"28","author":"Mlnarczuk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"427","article-title":"Enigmatic tripeptidylpeptidase II\u2014Protease for special tasks","volume":"35","year":"2008","journal-title":"Post\u0119py Biol. Kom\u00f3rki."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maruyama, H., Hirayama, K., Yamashita, M., Ohgi, K., Tsujimoto, R., Takayasu, M., Shimohata, H., and Kobayashi, M. (2020). Serum 20S proteasome levels are associated with disease activity in MPO-ANCA-associated microscopic polyangiitis. J. BMC Rheumatol., 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-020-00137-4"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/17\/9192\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:42:44Z","timestamp":1760110964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/17\/9192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25179192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25179192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]}}}