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Th2 CD4 T cells are necessary for experimental Schistosoma-PH. However, if T cells migrate to the lung to initiate, the localized inflammation that drives vascular remodeling and PH is unknown. Methods: Mice were sensitized to Schistosoma mansoni eggs intraperitoneally and then challenged using tail vein injection. FTY720 was administered, which blocks lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes. T cells were quantified using flow cytometry, PH severity via heart catheterization, and cytokine concentration through ELISA. Results: FTY720 decreased T cells in the peripheral blood, and increased T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes. However, FTY720 treatment resulted in no change in PH or type 2 inflammation severity in mice sensitized and challenged with S. mansoni eggs, and the number of memory and effector CD4 T cells in the lung parenchyma was also unchanged. Notably, intraperitoneal Schistosoma egg sensitization alone resulted in a significant increase in intravascular lymphocytes and T cells, including memory T cells, although there was no significant change in parenchymal cell density, IL-4 or IL-13 expression, or PH. Conclusion: Blocking T cell migration did not suppress PH following Schistosoma egg challenge. Memory CD4 T cells, located in the lung intravascular space following egg sensitization, appear sufficient to cause type 2 inflammation and PH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T07:53:37Z","timestamp":1724658817000},"page":"9202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intrapulmonary T Cells Are Sufficient for Schistosoma-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dara C.","family":"Fonseca Balladares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Biology Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biruk","family":"Kassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Biology Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1064-311X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Mickael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Biology Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Biology Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais C. F.","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5739-8369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Biology Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony M.","family":"Lau-Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Biology Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0764-3175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ari B.","family":"Molofsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7541-2585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian B.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Biology Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200879","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00879-2022","article-title":"2022 ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension","volume":"61","author":"Humbert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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