{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:21:49Z","timestamp":1760145709162,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,25]],"date-time":"2024-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Medical University Hospital","award":["DMR-106-098","DMR-108-094","CSH-2024-C-025","MOHW109-TDU-B-212-114004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-106-098","DMR-108-094","CSH-2024-C-025","MOHW109-TDU-B-212-114004"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shang Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR-106-098","DMR-108-094","CSH-2024-C-025","MOHW109-TDU-B-212-114004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-106-098","DMR-108-094","CSH-2024-C-025","MOHW109-TDU-B-212-114004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare Clinical Trial Center","award":["DMR-106-098","DMR-108-094","CSH-2024-C-025","MOHW109-TDU-B-212-114004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-106-098","DMR-108-094","CSH-2024-C-025","MOHW109-TDU-B-212-114004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Betel quid (BQ) use disorder (BUD) is prevalent in many Asian countries, impacting approximately 600 million people. We conducted a randomized clinical trial to analyze the impact of MAOA genetic variations on the severity of BQ craving. This was measured using DSM-5 criteria and the Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Scale modified for betel quid use (Y-BOCS-BQ). Participants were grouped according to the severity of BUD and MAOA gene single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs5953210 genotypes. The Y-BOCS-BQ scores were assessed at baseline (week 0) and during follow-up at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8. The AA genotype group showed significantly greater reductions in Y-BOCS-BQ at weeks 2 (p = 0.0194), 4 (p = 0.0078), 6 (p = 0.0277), and 8 (p = 0.0376) compared to the GG genotype group. Additionally, within the antidepressant group, the AA genotype showed significant reductions in the Y-BOCS-BQ scores at weeks 2 (p = 0.0313), 4 (p = 0.0134), 6 (p = 0.0061), and 8 (p = 0.0241) compared to the GG genotype. The statistical analysis revealed a significant interaction between the treatment and placebo groups based on MAOA genotypes, with the AA genotype in the treatment group exhibiting a more pronounced decrease in Y-BOCS-BQ score (p interaction &lt;0.05) at week 6. Our study highlights the importance of considering genetic factors when developing personalized treatment plans for BUD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T07:53:37Z","timestamp":1724658817000},"page":"9221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of MAOA Gene Polymorphism on the Efficacy of Antidepressant Treatment and Craving Severity for Betel Quid Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4863-0031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Chieh","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7713-9487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Chin","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping-Ho","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Medical Informatics and Statistics, Office of Research and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1759-2279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Min","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Center for Addiction and Mental Health, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.4307","article-title":"Association of DSM-5 Betel-Quid Use Disorder with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder in 6 Betel-Quid Endemic Asian Populations","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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