{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T07:18:03Z","timestamp":1776151083316,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. (ES) has gained popularity for its adaptogenic, immunostimulant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Because of overexploitation of the roots, the species is considered to be endangered and has been put on the Red List in some countries (e.g., the Republic of Korea). Therefore, the fruits of E. senticosus might be explored as a new sustainable source of compounds with adaptogenic activity. This study aimed to assess the chemical composition and the safety profile (hepatotoxicity, blood morphology, biochemical parameters of blood plasma) of E. senticosus fruit intractum in Balb\/c mice after oral administration of 750 and 1500 mg\/kg b.w. UHPLC analysis coupled with DAD and MS detectors was used to quantify the metabolites. For the first time, oleanolic and ursolic acids were quantified in the intractum (16.01 \u00b1 1.3 and 2.21 \u00b1 0.17 \u00b5g\/g of oleanolic and ursolic acids, respectively). Regarding polyphenols, chlorogenic acid (0.92 mg\/g of dried extract), caffeic acid (0.43 mg\/g), dicaffeoylquinic acids (in total: 1.27 mg\/g), and an unidentified caffeic acid ester (0.81 mg\/g) were identified. The results in Balb\/c mice revealed that the intractum does not cause significant variations in red blood cells parameters. In turn, a significant decrease in the total number of leukocytes was observed (5.8 \u00d7 103 \u00b5L), with a percentage increase in lymphocytes among the groups (80.2, 81.8, and 82.6). The ability of the intractum to decrease alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels may indicate its anti-inflammatory activity. Our observations justify that the fruits of E. senticosus are safe in the doses used and do not cause significant changes in the activity of the liver enzymes or in blood parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T11:58:46Z","timestamp":1724759926000},"page":"9295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["UHPLC-DAD\/ESI-TOF-MS Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Impact of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruit Intractum on Biochemical, Hepatological, and Blood Parameters in Balb\/c Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7474-9338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Graczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"G\u0119balski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1697-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Sulejczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Ma\u0142kowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0466-1343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"W\u00f3jciak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7131-7051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Gawenda-Kempczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Piskorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krystian","family":"Krolik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1057-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Markiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Kondrzycka-D\u0105da","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Social Sciences, 9 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-113 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Lepianka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Brudzi\u0144ski\u2019s Provincial Hospital for Children, Chodkiewicza 44, 85-667 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Borowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Feldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6180-1424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Verporte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7821-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Za\u0142uski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Myths and Facts in Herbal Medicines: Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng) and Its Contraindication in Hypertensive Patients","volume":"27","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Botanics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113636","article-title":"The Intractum from the Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits Affects the Innate Immunity in Human Leukocytes: From the Ethnomedicinal Use to Contemporary Evidence-Based Research","volume":"268","author":"Graczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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