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Early response markers for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are critical for stratified treatment for patients with breast cancer, and restoration of lipid metabolism and normoxia might precede observable structural change. In this study, we hypothesised that peri-tumoural lipid composition and hypoxia might be predictive and early response markers in patients with breast cancer undergoing NACT. Female patients with breast cancer were scanned on a 3T clinical MRI scanner at baseline and Cycle1, with acquisition of lipid composition maps of MUFAs, PUFAs, and SFAs, and hypoxia maps of effective transverse relaxation rate R2*. The percentage change in lipid composition and hypoxia at Cycle1 was calculated with reference to baseline. Tumour-associated macrophages were analysed based on immunostaining of CD163 from biopsy and resection, with the percentage change in the resected tumour calculated across the entire NACT. We found no significant difference in lipid composition and R2* between good and poor responders at baseline and Cycle1; however, the correlation between the percentage change in MUFAs and PUFAs against CD163 suggested the modulation in lipids with altered immune response might support the development of targeted therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T03:57:06Z","timestamp":1724817426000},"page":"9303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Peri-Tumoural Lipid Composition and Hypoxia for Early Immune Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2615-8167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sai Man","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwok-Shing","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Senn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"McGoldrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazan","family":"Masannat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"},{"name":"Breast Unit, Broomfield Hospital, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Chelmsford CM1 7ET, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7794-7188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiabao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2021.103280","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in hormone receptor-positive\/HER2-negative early breast cancer: When, why and what?","volume":"160","author":"Torrisi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. 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