{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:20:03Z","timestamp":1772828403082,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Systemic vasodilating agents like nitroglycerin (NG) or iloprost (Ilo) show beneficial effects on intestinal microcirculation during sepsis, which could be attenuated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system or systemic side effects of vasodilating agents. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the effects of topically administered vasodilators and the parasympathetic drug carbachol on colonic microcirculatory oxygenation (\u00b5HbO2), blood flow (\u00b5Flow) and mitochondrial respiration. A total of 120 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to twelve groups and underwent either colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) or sham surgery. After 24 h, animals received the following therapeutic regimes: (1) balanced full electrolyte solution, (2) carbachol, (3) NG, (4) Ilo, (5) NG + carbachol, and (6) Ilo + carbachol. Mitochondrial respiration was measured in colon homogenates by respirometry. In sham animals, NG (\u221213.1%*) and Ilo (\u221210.5%*) led to a decrease in \u00b5HbO2. Additional application of carbachol abolished this effect (NG + carbachol: \u22124.0%, non-significant; Ilo + carbachol: \u22121.4%, non-significant). In sepsis, carbachol reduced \u00b5HbO2 when applied alone (\u221210.5%*) or in combination with NG (\u221217.6%*). Thus, the direction and degree of this effect depend on the initial pathophysiologic condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T03:57:06Z","timestamp":1724817426000},"page":"9305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Local Vasodilators and the Autonomic Nervous System on Microcirculation and Mitochondrial Function in Septic Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Carsten","family":"Marcus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Schlimgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Eitner-Pchalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Kuebart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6650-5800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Truse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Vollmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5223-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inge","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Picker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-392X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Herminghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-021-00777-5","article-title":"Inzidenz der Sepsis in Deutschland und weltweit: Aktueller Wissensstand und Limitationen der Erhebung in Abrechnungsdaten","volume":"117","author":"Schwarzkopf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. 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