{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:34:23Z","timestamp":1791304463504,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005925","name":"Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCMF-MP-110-03-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCMF-MP-110-03-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005925","name":"Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCMF-SP-112-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCMF-SP-112-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005925","name":"Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 113-2314-B-037-028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2314-B-037-028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","award":["TCMF-MP-110-03-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCMF-MP-110-03-01"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","award":["TCMF-SP-112-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCMF-SP-112-01"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","award":["NSTC 113-2314-B-037-028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2314-B-037-028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sensory bladder disorders encompass several distinct conditions with overlapping symptoms, which pose diagnostic challenges. This study aimed to evaluate urine biomarkers for differentiating between various sensory bladder disorders, including non-Hunner\u2019s interstitial cystitis (NHIC), detrusor overactivity (DO), hypersensitive bladder (HSB), and urodynamically normal women. A retrospective analysis of 191 women who underwent a videourodynamic study (VUDS) was conducted, with some also receiving cystoscopic hydrodistention to confirm the presence of NHIC. Participants were categorized into four groups: DO (n = 51), HSB (n = 29), NHIC (n = 81), and normal controls (n = 30). The urine levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured. The DO patients exhibited elevated IP-10 levels, while the HSB patients had decreased TAC and 8-OHdG levels. The NHIC patients showed lower IL-2 and higher TNF-\u03b1 levels. A TNF-\u03b1 \u2265 1.05 effectively identified NHIC, with an AUROC of 0.889, a sensitivity of 98.8%, and a specificity of 81.3%. An IP-10 \u2265 6.31 differentiated DO with an AUROC of 0.695, a sensitivity of 56.8%, and a specificity of 72.3%. An 8-OHdG \u2264 14.705 and a TAC \u2264 528.7 identified HSB with AUROCs of 0.754 and 0.844, respectively. The combination of 8-OHdG and TAC provided an AUROC of 0.853 for HSB. These findings suggest that TNF-\u03b1, IP-10, TAC, 8-OHdG, and IL-2 are promising non-invasive biomarkers for distinguishing between these conditions, which may improve diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T11:12:13Z","timestamp":1724929933000},"page":"9359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Using Urine Biomarkers to Differentiate Bladder Dysfunctions in Women with Sensory Bladder Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2490-136X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7870-1574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan-Hong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Fong","family":"Jhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7165-4771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hann-Chorng","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.01185.x","article-title":"Sensory bladder disorders","volume":"60","author":"Nordling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. 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