{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:03:42Z","timestamp":1790561022474,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ToxGenSolutions BV"},{"name":"3Rs Management and Consulting ApS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are chronic syndromes of unknown etiology, accompanied by numerous symptoms affecting neurological and physical conditions. Despite frequent revisions of the diagnostic criteria, clinical practice guidelines are often outdated, leading to underdiagnosis and ineffective treatment. Our aim was to identify microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers implicated in pathological mechanisms underlying these diseases. A comprehensive literature review using publicly accessible databases was conducted. Interesting miRNAs were extracted from relevant publications on ME\/CFS and\/or FM, and were then linked to pathophysiological processes possibly manifesting these chronic diseases. Dysregulated miRNAs in ME\/CFS and FM may serve as promising biomarkers for these diseases. Key identified miRNAs, such as miR-29c, miR-99b, miR-128, miR-374b, and miR-766, were frequently mentioned for their roles in immune response, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and central sensitization, while miR-23a, miR-103, miR-152, and miR-320 were implicated in multiple crucial pathological processes for FM and\/or ME\/CFS. In summary, both ME\/CFS and FM seem to share many dysregulated biological or molecular processes, which may contribute to their commonly shared symptoms. This miRNA-based approach offers new angles for discovering molecular markers urgently needed for early diagnosis or therapeutics to tackle the pathology of these medically unexplained chronic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T12:22:33Z","timestamp":1725366153000},"page":"9551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Identifying microRNAs Possibly Implicated in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1315-3909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Tsamou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ToxGenSolutions (TGS), 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabi\u00ebnne A. C.","family":"Kremers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ToxGenSolutions (TGS), 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6338-1918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keano A.","family":"Samaritakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ToxGenSolutions (TGS), 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwin L.","family":"Roggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ToxGenSolutions (TGS), 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avellaneda Fern\u00e1ndez, A., P\u00e9rez Mart\u00edn, \u00c1., Izquierdo Mart\u00ednez, M., Arruti Bustillo, M., Barbado Hern\u00e1ndez, F.J., de la Cruz Labrado, J., D\u00edaz-Delgado Pe\u00f1as, R., Guti\u00e9rrez Rivas, E., Palac\u00edn Delgado, C., and Rivera Redondo, J. 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