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Our study seeks to explore the potential impact of these comorbid immune responses on the survival rates of patients with NSCLC. Our retrospective study used data from the Data Warehouse of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and Lung Biobank at Thoraxklinik Heidelberg. We estimated the association of blood eosinophilia and neutrophilia on survival rates in an inflammatory cohort of 3143 patients with NSCLC. We also tested sensitization to food and inhalants and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in a comorbidity cohort of 212 patients with NSCLC. Finally, we estimated the infiltration of immune-relevant cells including eosinophils, T-cells, and mast cells in a tissue inflammatory sub-cohort of 60 patients with NSCLC. Sensitization to at least one food or inhalant (sIgE) was higher in patients with adenocarcinoma (adeno-LC) than the non-adenocarcinoma (non-adeno-LC). Furthermore, hs-CRP was higher in non-adeno-LC compared with adeno-LC. Peripheral inflammation, particularly eosinophilia and neutrophilia, was associated with poor survival outcomes in NSCLC with a clear difference between histological subgroups. Finally, blood eosinophilia was paralleled by significant eosinophil infiltration into the peritumoral tissue in the lung. This study provides novel perspectives on the crucial role of peripheral inflammation, featuring eosinophilia and neutrophilia, with overall survival, underscoring distinctions between NSCLC subgroups (adeno-LC vs. non-adeno-LC). Peripheral eosinophilia enhances eosinophil infiltration into tumors. This sheds light on the complex interplay between inflammation, eosinophil infiltration, and NSCLC prognosis among various histological subtypes. Further studies are required to underscore the role of eosinophils in NSCLC among different histological subgroups and their role in shaping the tumor microenvironment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T12:22:33Z","timestamp":1725366153000},"page":"9552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Peripheral Inflammation Featuring Eosinophilia or Neutrophilia Is Associated with the Survival and Infiltration of Eosinophils within the Tumor among Various Histological Subgroups of Patients with NSCLC"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7120-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal","family":"Alashkar Alhamwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, International University for Science and Technology (IUST), Daraa 15, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadriya","family":"Yuskaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35394 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Translational Research Unit (STF), Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Wulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Trinkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35394 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics (DBMI), Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg (CPD-BW), University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Kriegsmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35394 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Pathology Wiesbaden, Ludwig-Erhard-Str. 100, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9511-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35394 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4312-1377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinna Ulrike","family":"Keber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke Pogge von","family":"Strandmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix J.","family":"Herth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35394 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4096-6910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Kolahian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0602-7215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harald","family":"Renz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8141-0604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Muley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35394 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Translational Research Unit (STF), Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, M.C.S., Lao, X.Q., Ho, K.H., Goggins, W.B., and Tse, S.L.A. 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