{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:23:24Z","timestamp":1771511004299,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Fundamental Grant (GFFP) of the National University of Malaysia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review discusses the pathophysiology of diabetes in pregnancy in relation to the placental function. We review the potential use of hydroxychloroquine in improving pregnancy outcomes affected by diabetes. The review focuses on the mechanism of action of hydroxychloroquine and its potential effects on diabetes. There are several pathways in which hydroxychloroquine mediates its effects: through the inflammasome complex, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, modulatory effects, and antihyperglycemic effects. As a safe drug to be used in pregnancy, it is worth exploring the possible use hydroxychloroquine as an adjunct treatment to the current therapy of diabetes in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T11:53:11Z","timestamp":1725623591000},"page":"9681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hydroxychloroquine as an Adjunct Therapy for Diabetes in Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3430-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurul Iftida","family":"Basri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2535-5134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Padma","family":"Murthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4161-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahana","family":"Abd Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-00007","article-title":"Lifestyle Interventions for Patients with and at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"159","author":"Schellenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. 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